Turks in Austria

As Turks in Austria (Turkish: Avusturya'daki Türkler ) are denoted by a Turkish migration background living colloquially both in Austria Turks and Austrian citizen. Currently ( as of 2009) they represent - by Serbs and Germans - the third largest immigrant group in Austria.

• 2.1 birth rate
• 2.2 Language
• 2.3 sense of belonging

History

Early settlement

After the reconquest of the occupied by the Ottoman Empire Austrian territories in the 1530s the majority of the Ottoman Turks left the conquered by the Austrians areas; However, some came under Austrian rule, and remained spread. When Joseph II ascended the throne in 1764, Turkish was according to John Abbott already one of the ten most widely spoken in the former Habsburg Austria languages.

Immigration of guest workers in the 1960s and 1970s

Due to a shortage of labor in Austria during the period of economic prosperity until the end of the 60s, the former Austrian government decided under Josef Klaus for the recruitment of Turkish guest workers. On May 15, 1964 corresponding bilateral agreement with Turkey was closed. Although intended different sides of Austria and most guest workers, many of the workers in Austria settled down and started families.

Subsequently, the recruitment of additional guest workers in the 1970s was stopped and Austria began in response to the oil crisis of 1973/74, with the expulsion of a large number of established workers. Furthermore, the Aliens Employment Act was adopted in 1975. There were also attempts to move them with financial incentives to return to their homeland. Nevertheless, the nascent growth in the Austrian economy mid-1980s again needed additional workers, and the Turkish guest workers came again.

Demography

Turkish immigrants and their families are a significant minority within the Austrian population; According to the 2001 census were living 127 226 Turkish citizens in Austria. (1.6% of the total population ), of which 39 119 were living in Vienna, 19,911 in Lower Austria, 18,838 in Vorarlberg, 17 226 in Upper Austria, 16,017 in Tirol, 8800 in Salzburg, 4793 in Styria, 1280 in Burgenland and Carinthia in 1192.

According to a report of the Minority Rights Group International, the majority has since been naturalized. The organization estimates the number of people of Turkish origin in Austria a total of about 200,000 to 300,000. It is estimated that up to 40,000 Turks could live illegally in Austria. Turkish immigrants are by Serbs and Germans the largest single immigrant group leader in the application for Austrian citizenship and also constitute the majority of Austrian Muslims.

Birth rates

The high birth rates among Turkish-born Austrians ( such as 3.07 children per woman of Turkish 1955-60 ) go back mainly to migrants of the first generation. Two-thirds of people living in Austria, but was born in Turkey, women have three or more children. 12% of children born in 2005 have (not miteingerechnet being naturalized immigrants here ) a foreign parent. While the birth rate among autochthonous Austrian women fell to its lowest level since 2000 ( 1.29 ), it already approaches in Turkish-born Austrians the average third child.

Birth rates in Austria by nationality and period:

Language

As the Serbian, as are also the Turkish and Kurdish recognized as the most used immigrant language ( to a lesser extent Zaza ) than non-indigenous idioms of immigrants from Turkey to Austria not (such as Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian, Czech, etc.) as a minority language and is not subject to the protection of the minority protection law. This affects approximately at the school, as people of Turkish origin have no legal right to education in their mother tongue. However, it is appropriate lessons offered at many schools with sufficient proportion of native speakers as an optional subject, or there are native-language support in the classroom.

Sense of belonging

Surveys by the Statistical Yearbook for migration and integration of Statistics Austria showed that still feel part 69.3 % of Turkish immigrants " the State from which I come or originate from my parents." Only 30.7 % of Turks feel more belonging to Austria. This is well below the percentage of other immigrant groups, such as immigrants from the former Yugoslavia, Poland and Romania. However, the study also revealed that 71.6 %, at least in Austria feel " at home ". But even this figure is well below that of the other groups. Furthermore, it was found that low sense of belonging to Austria correlated with lack of education.

Religion

With a decision adopted in 1979 by the Federal Ministry of Education and Culture was carried out in Austria, the full recognition of Islam as a public corporation. In addition to the 1912 recognized Hanafi, the granting of such status comprised the other three Sunni schools of Shafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali and the Shia ( Imami and Zaydi ). Since then, the followers of Islam lead as a recognized religious community, the term " Islamic Religious Community in Austria " ( IGGiÖ ). This recognition allows the Islamic community to give public school religious instruction. The Islamic Faith Community holds since the school year 1982/83 Islamic religious instruction into German language. This early recognition and institutionalization of Islam in Europe, Austria is a special place. This legal recognition of Islam as a religion goes back to the 19th century. With the 1878 made ​​annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Danube monarchy came a compact Muslim population of about. 600,000 people in the territory of Austria. The Muslims considered themselves to distinguish it from the other Turks as Bosniaks, but they were also considered by the non-Muslims in the country as " Turks". Islam was recognized in the monarchy since 1874 as a religious society. ". Since the Ottoman Empire in the 17th and 18th centuries. spread to central Europe, there were also in Austria -Hungary, a Muslim minority. So decreed about the message of the Ottoman Empire always on a freely accessible, including Imam mosque.

Officially, the Austrian Muslims are represented by the Islamic Religious Community ( the current commissioner for integration is Omar Al -Rawi, SPÖ City Council and a native Iraqis ), but not in the majority of Muslims is registered. Most Turkish Muslims are in the parallel structures of the Turkish Ministry of Religious Affairs Diyanet in Austria ( ATIB ) and arranges for its mosque associations. In contrast to IGGiÖ these facilities are only entertained by the Turkish state and appointed personnel. In addition and regardless of delight among Turks, the so-called sports and cultural associations of Ülkücüler great popularity ( they are politically the Turkish parliament party MHP close ), as well as private local Qur ` anschulen and smaller centers, such as those of the Fethullah Gulen Movement ( represented in Aus. Zamanavusturya as the Zaman Media Group ).

In addition to the Islamic religion also Alevism among the Turks is used in Austria.

Naturalization

According to the Naturalization Act 1998 occurs because the right to the Austrian citizenship by descent principle and a minimum waiting time of 10 years ago. The new law provides that the applicant must prove itself to be successfully integrated into Austrian society. Especially important for a successful naturalization are the economic independence of the applicant (he is not dependent on benefits ), adequate command of the German language and absolute criminal respectability.

Since June 1995, there is Turkish citizens who have adopted foreign citizenship, through the so-called Pink Card allowed again in their country to live, to work or to acquire land. Between 1995 and 2008, 108 630 Turks was awarded Austrian citizenship.

Notable people

Veli Kavlak footballers

Alev Korun, Member of Parliament

Yasin Pehlivan, Footballer