Typhaceae

Branched bur-reed ( Sparganium erectum )

The cattail plants ( Typhaceae ) are a family of plants in the order of Süßgrasartigen ( Poales ). This marsh or aquatic plants are practically spread worldwide.

• 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The species of the family cattail plants to thrive as marsh or water plants. They grow as a perennial herbaceous plants, forming creeping rhizomes as outlasting. The powerful to sleek stems are simple or branched. The alternate and distichous on the stem arranged leaves are upright and are located above or below water. It is a leaf sheath available. The leaf blade is simple and entire.

Generative features

The species are monoecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ). The bracts are leaf-like foliage. The inflorescences are organized quite differently in the two genera. In the cattail species is a simple "piston" on the stalk; this is a cylindrical ähriger inflorescence with female upper and the lower part male flowers. When hedgehog pistons are in a branched, paniculate, racemose or aged men total inflorescence few -male or all-female spherical part inflorescences, the male are positioned above the female.

The many, very small flowers are unisexual and usually in threes. The perianth is absent or reduced, and then comprised of three or six elongated, flaky bloom cladding. The male flowers included (one to ) three or six ( or eight ) stamens. The anthers open with a longitudinal slot. Nectaries absent. The female flowers are on a cover sheet or fine hair. The ovary is pseudomonomer or rarely zweikammerig and includes a hanging, apotrope ovule per carpel. The simple or bifurcated style ends in one or two long, unilateral, enlarged or spatula-shaped scars.

The tiny nutty closing fruits fall if a fruit stalk, if present, with him from. The seed coat ( testa) is thin.

The basic chromosome number is x = 15

Systematics and distribution

The cattail plants ( Typhaceae ) family belongs to the order Süßgrasartigen ( Poales ). The genus Sparganium once formed alone the family of Sparganiaceae Hanin and the genus Typha formed alone the family Typhaceae Juss. see st. Molekulargenische studies show that the two genera are closely related and belong to a family, the family Typhaceae s. l .. This family is about 109 million years old and the two genera separated about 89 million years ago. There are many fossils from the Cretaceous evidence also exists.

The Typhaceae occur in tropical to temperate regions of the world. In China, both genera occur with about 23 species, six of them only there.

The Typhaceae family contains only two genera with about (25 to ) 35 species:

• Bur-reed ( Sparganium L. ) with about 19 species mainly in temperate to cool regions of the world. Most species are native to the northern hemisphere. In China, there are about eleven species, three of which occur only there.
• Cattail ( Typha L. ) with about 16 species in tropical to temperate regions of the world. In China, there are about twelve species, of which three occur only there.

Swell

• The Typhaceae in APWebsite ( section systematics and description) family.
• Kun Sun, David A. Simpson: Typhaceae. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3, pp. 158-162. , PDF file (Sections Description, distribution and systematics).