Ulan-Ude Ethnographic Museum
The Ethnographic Museum of Transbaikalia (Russian Этнографический музей народов Забайкалья " Ethnographic / ethnological museum of the peoples of Transbaikalia ") is an open-air museum 8 km northeast of Ulan Ude in Russia. The museum is at 40 buildings and 37 hectares one of the largest open-air museums in Russia.
History
In the period around 1960, a number were founded by ethnographic open-air museums in the former USSR. This was being done for three reasons:
- The growing prosperity
- The development of tourism in the region and
- The increase in the number of foreign tourists.
The ethnographic open-air museum of the Republic of Buryatia opened on July 6, 1973. St. Nicholas Church from Nikolsk ( Rajon Muchorschibir ) was there one of the first exhibits.
Areas
The museum is divided into several areas:
Archaeological Area
The archaeological area consists of a building and an open-air area. The open-air area there are sacred sites, megalithic tombs, stone pillars, Torsteine among others, the plate grave culture and the ( here counted among the Huns ) Xiongnu culture, and an ancient settlement of the latter. The first burials of the Xiongnu culture in the area around Kjachta were discovered in 1896. In the building finds the Xiongnu culture from the lower Iwolginsker ringwall settlement are issued.
Evenk settlement
The settlement of the Evenki consists of several Tschums ( small buildings made of larch wood bark, birch bark and deer skin ), shed for supplies, a boat, carriage and other objects of everyday life. Furthermore, there is a chum of a shaman with totems of birds, animals and fish that were used for the ritual of evocation of spirits.
Buryat
The area consists of Buryat yurts wooden as made of felt and religious buildings of the Tibeto- Mongolian Buddhism.
In the first half of the 19th century, the Buddhist temple of the Buryats had vaulted roofs. In the second half of the 19th century a new and very different stamp type appeared. An example of this is the " Dewadschin ( Деваджин ) " - ( Sukhavati ) Dugan (single stamp), which was spent here from the Tamtschinski - Dazan. The temple was rebuilt in 1926, the exterior appearance remained unchanged, but the area around the temple was enlarged. The temple was largely in yellow, the sacred color of Lamaism deleted. Inside the temple there is a " Tunshi " panel on which an Indian legend is shown, advise on the four animals, how to get to the fruit of a tall tree.
In the group of buildings from the eastern Baikal area is the winter home of the wealthy Buryat SB Safronov ( С. Б. Сафронов ). It originally stood in Chorety ( Хореты ) in the Irkutsk region and spent 1975 in the museum.
Old Russian Cossack settlers and
The group of buildings consists of a village with its typical wooden houses of Cossack leaders, wealthy and poor residents. They stand for the typical social contradictions in most villages in the Baikal region.
A barn with three chambers reminiscent of the Ukrainian Ataman Demyan Mnohohrischnyj, which was in 1673 banished into exile. Such huts were erected at a distance of 25 km, to provide exiles and convicts on their way to the " prison Baikal region " before the construction of roads a place to stay.
In the group of buildings is the homestead of a Cossack leader. The house was built in 1880 moved out of the village Baturino ( Батурино ) from the Baikal region. Opposite the house is a double-walled barn from the village Klotschnjowo ( Клочнёво, Rajon Pribaikalsk ) from the year 1919.
Houses of Old Believers
In this group of buildings are built on one side of a street houses of Old Believers. In order to escape persecution by the authorities, the Old Believers moved back often in remote areas of Siberia. The houses are from the time of the turn of the century in 1900 and show the difference in prosperity of its inhabitants. A courtyard of a wealthy farmer of 1861 from the village Barykino ( Барыкино ) consists of the yard with all ancillary buildings, including the blacksmith and a small Old Believers Chapel. In the house there is an exhibition with plows, harrows, threshing machines, sleds, etc. The neighboring house is from Nadeina from the late 19th century has four painted with birds shutters. In another two-story house from the 19th century, there is a warehouse, a storage room and a large veranda. The ornate gates were built in 1906 and restored in 1978 in the museum.
Urban wood architecture
Among the many structures of the building group " Old Verkhneudinsk " (name of the city of Ulan- Ude to 1934 ) is a townhouse with attic and covered outdoor staircase from 1900 particularly noteworthy. Opposite this building group is the St. Nicholas Church of Old Believers.