Ulmus minor
Field elm ( Ulmus minor)
The field elm ( Ulmus minor ) is a deciduous tree of the family of the elm family ( Ulmaceae ). ( Syn: .. Ulmus campestris L., nom ambiguous, Ulmus campestris var umbraculifera Trautv, Ulmus carpinifolia Gled, Ulmus carpinifolia var suberosa ( Moench ) Rehder, Ulmus carpinifolia var umbraculifera ( Trautv. ) Rehder, Ulmus foliacea. . Gilib. , nom. inval. , Ulmus foliacea var suberosa ( Moench ) Rehder, Ulmus foliacea var umbraculifera ( Trautv. ) Rehder, Ulmus glabra var suberosa ( Moench ) Gürke, Ulmus nitens Moench, Ulmus suberosa Moench )
In many parts of Europe the tree by the elm disease, caused by the fungus Ophiostoma ( novo ) ulmi is caused at high risk. Mature trees from a trunk diameter of about 15 cm are preferred infested. However, the damaged Trees put out again. Thus one finds almost exclusively younger plants. Field elm may be 600 years old and 40 meters high. The elm is also now planted more often to plant hedges and severely curtailed. Here, however, are almost exclusively bred in Holland variants are used, which are usually propagated vegetatively by root sprouts.
Identifying
The elm reaches stature heights between one and 30 meters. The branches often form of conspicuous corky wings. Younger parts of the plant are rotdrüsig. The flowers and fruits are the bare stalked. The leaf has 8-14 lateral nerves, is short and pointed in the middle at the widest. The flower has 3-7 stamens, forms white scars and is often vormännlich. The petiole is 8-15 mm long and longer than the buds. The flowers are pollinated by the wind. The fruits ( samaras ) are spread by the wind. It blooms in March and April.
Dissemination
The elm is found in many parts of Europe, however, is apprehended by the Dutch elm disease in decline. She has also habitats in the Canary Islands, North Africa, Asia Minor and the Caucasus.
The elm occurs both in the lowlands and in the colline altitudes. She prefers partly flooded deciduous or mixed forests, is nutritious and kalkliebend.
Use
The leaves were used in medieval times as a feed for sheep. The bark was formerly used medicinally. The wood has a beautiful grain and was formerly often used for wood turning and marquetry. But since the Dutch elm disease, the wood is virtually no commercial.
Ingredients
The boiled broth of field elm bark was formerly prescribed for diarrhea among others. It contains mucilage, tannins, Phlobaphene and phytosterols. The phloem of the plant also contains substances that are similar to the antioxidants.
Resistant varieties
' Christine Buisman ' and ' Bea Schwarz '
Subspecies and varieties
- Ulmus minor subsp. angustifolia. (Syn. U. minor var cornubiensis )
- Ulmus minor subsp. minor ( syn. U. carpinifolia )
- Ulmus minor var plotii: endemic in England.
- Ulmus minor subsp. sarniensis: Lokalendemit the Channel Islands and France. Is cultivated in many parts of Great Britain.
- Ulmus minor var vulgaris: Based in England, Italy and Spain. (Syn. U. procera).