Volodymyr Vynnychenko
Volodymyr Kyrylowytsch Wynnytschenko ( Ukr Володимир Кирилович Винниченко, scientific transliteration Volodymyr Vynnyčenko; * 26 Julijul / August 7 1880greg in Kirovohrad, Kherson Governorate, .. † March 6, 1951 in Mougins, France) was a Ukrainian politician and writer.
Life
Volodymyr Wynnytschenko was born the only son of the farmer Kirill Wynnytschenko and the former widow Ewdokijej Pavlenko. In school, the young Volodymyr showed very good performances, which prompted his parents to specifically encourage her son despite difficult financial circumstances. He completed primary school at the age of ten years from successful. Meanwhile, his half-brother could support him with financial resources, who worked as Stadttypograph itself. Because of a revolutionary poem, which wrote Volodymyr in the 7th year of high school, he was suspended from school and punished with jail time a week. A little later flew Wynnytschenko from school - he took his degree later at another high school in Ukraine. To be financially independent after graduation, he studied in southern Ukraine several times after short-term work in order to stay afloat. At the same time he taught himself further and began soon to study law in Kiev.
At the time of enrollment, a subterranean revolutionary student organization called " Studentscheskoj Obschiny " ( Student Association ), who later played an active role in the revolutionary movement especially organized. Soon, Wynnytschenko was also active politically in the Revolutionary Party of Ukraine, Kiev spread propaganda among the workers and peasants in Poltava, for which he was punished with arrest, however, and, at other universities to study the ban on. The arrest, he managed to escape it quickly, but was soon drafted into the Czarist army. This opportunity took Wynnytschenko but to inspire his comrades with revolutionary ideas. Soon threatened the next arrest. Wynnytschenko was imprisoned for two years in Kiev. In 1905 he was released and finished his law studies. Subsequently, he was founder and head of the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine. In 1906 he was arrested again for his political work. Jewgen Tschykalenko bought it a year later released, according to which Wynnytschenko chose to spend several years in Europe.
In Austria -Hungarian Lviv he worked together with the local representatives of the Ukrainian movement. Here he sat in the Foreign Affairs Committee and worked as an editor for the magazine " Gaslo ", the journal of the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party. After intensive German studies, he was also active as a translator, and translated works of Karl Kautsky, Paul Lafargue, Ferdinand Lassalle and other theorists of European social democracy. His stays ran through the whole of Europe. At the beginning of World War Wynnytschenko lived a few years in Russia, not far away from Moscow until the February Revolution he returned to Kiev in 1917.
Wynnytschenko got the post of Secretary General of the Zentralna Rada assigned to conduct negotiations with the provisional Russian government. After half a year, on August 13, he joined in protest against the Russian government from his post, which refused to recognize the Ukrainian Rada Zentralna. On 1 September, the government formed again under Wynnytschenko: There was a federal agreement with the Russian government to officially on 25 January 1918, the Ukrainian People's Republic was proclaimed. In March 1918, a coup took place under the leadership of Pawlo Skoropadskyj. The new government, however, was knocked down in December by an organized revolt by Wynnytschenkos to proclaim the Ukrainian People's Republic again.
Creation
His literary work began during his student days in Kiev. In his first story " krasa i syla " ( beauty and strength ) in 1902, he gave up the traditional religious life for the new socialist life. The narrative is fully imbued with tension and ironic humor, while telling dynamic and impressionistic in cheeky dialect. However Wynnytschenkos longing for solutions to the problems of his time led him before long to drama. A good way to examine the morality of the "new man". His 20 plays deal with the mismatch between fact and untätlicher speech and the moral code. The proclaimed gender equality is in " bazaar " ( Market, 1910), the concept of love in " Dysharmonia " ( disharmony, 1906), the acceptance of " surrogacy " in " sakon " unmasked ( Law, 1923), and the naive socialist thought: " a noble end justifies the means" is treated in " hrich " ( sin, 1920).
With the belief that morals exist to strengthen interests of a particular group, Wynnytschenko sought a way with people to find a truly moral life and came to the generally applicable rule " Be true to you himself " as the only viable moral law. This is in his novel " s tschesnist soboju " significantly ( honesty with yourself, 1906) is best. Among contemporary readers, this provoked some sharp criticism and misunderstanding. Wynnytschenko so is accused of strict individualism and immorality.
A total of eleven novels published during his lifetime, of which stand out " sapysky kyrpatoho Mefistofelia " (Records of the schiefnäsigen Mephisto, 1917) and " soniaschna maschyna " ( The sun machine, 1928). Of the three novels which were published posthumously, is " slowo sa toboju " Staline " ( It's your word, Stalin, 1971) is an example of political thought Wynnytschenkos who, after he has developed his own moral world order, these as" concordism "means. He propagated the concept in the novel " nowa sapowid " ( the new commandment, 1949). Of historical interest are Wynnytschenkos three-volume memoir of the struggle for the independence of Ukraine, which in " widrodschennija natsii " ( Rebirth of the Nation, 1920) are documented.
Until the late 1980s, was officially outlawed Wynnytschenko in Ukraine. In the West, the interest in it has been held as a result of the efforts of Hryhory Kostiuk in the first place, under which the heritage Wynnytschenkos is protected at the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences at Columbia University in New York.