Vonitsa

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Vonitsa - Anaktorio (Greek Βόνιτσας - Ανακτορίο ( f sg ) ) was from 1997 to 2010 a Greek community ( proper name Dimos Vonitsas - Anaktoriou Δήμος Βόνιτσας - Ανακτορίου ) in the prefecture of Aetolia - Acarnania in northwestern Administrative Region of Western Greece on the south coast of Ambracian Gulf. The official name of the municipality was Anaktorio ( Ανακτόριο ) and is the ancient Corinthian city's founding borrowed on the territory of the present municipality; a current settlement called Anaktorio there but not in the area. The administrative seat of the municipality was the town Vonitsa (Greek Βόνιτσα, old name Bounitza or Bounitsa or Bonditza ).

The municipality was merged in 2010 with the municipalities and Medeona Paleros the new community actions Vonitsa and forms in this district since the Anaktorio.

Geography

The area Anaktorios includes the northwestern region of the former prefecture of Aetolia - Acarnania. The western part of the municipality forms the coast of the Ionian Sea. The northwestern foothills Anaktorios, the actions ( Actium ) peninsula, forms the southern boundary of the Strait of Preveza and Strait of actions ( Actium ). Preveza is located north of the nearly 725 m wide strait that connects the Ambracian golf with the Ionian Sea. On the actions Peninsula ( Actium ), there are several lakes. These include the large and small Saltini Lake and the Voulkaria Lake. The southern area is dominated by the foothills of the mountains Acarnanian ( Ori Akarnanias ). The coastal region to Ambracian golf, at the same time the northern boundary of the municipality is predominantly marshland. Southwest and south of the area borders to the district Paleros, southeast of the township Medeona.

History

The occupied with sources colonization of the municipality began in ancient times. The Greek polis Corinth founded 630 BC in the landscape Acarnania a colony Polis Anaktorio. Anaktorio lost its importance when the Romans north of the present Preveza on the north coast of the Gulf Ambracian the city of Nicopolis founded. The residents of Anaktorio were emigrate like the other settlements in Acarnania asked to Nicopolis.

Also on the territory of the present municipality was the ancient port city of Actium at the top of the peninsula. On September 2, 31 BC the sea battle of Actium took place off the coast of present-day north-western region community actions ( Actium ) in the Ionian Sea instead, from the Octavian ( later Augustus Roman Emperor ) as the winner against Mark Antony and Cleopatra emerged. In the field of actions was from the 5th century BC a sanctuary of residents Akarnania: Temple of Apollo shareholders. This was built by the inhabitants of the city Anaktorio and served the entire population of Akarnania as a sanctuary. The temple was destroyed partly by an earthquake, partly by slipping into the Ionian Sea; Remnants can be seen in the presence of the Archaeological Museum of Preveza.

Part of the municipal district was also the Acarnanian settlement Thyrio. The city walls around Thyrio to have had a circumference of 9,914 meters.

In the reign of the Byzantine Empire (395 AD to the 15th century, with interruptions) the settlement under the present name Vonitsa was new. 1081 Conquer the Normans under Robert Guiscard the place and ravage him. After the destruction of the Byzantine Empire by the conquest of Constantinople in 1204 Opel Vonitsa fell to the successor State Despotate of Epirus. In the second half of the 13th century, troops attacked the Empire of Nicaea Vonitsa and besieged the city. In August 1294 Vonitsa fell by marriage in the sphere of Philip I of Taranto. A conquest of the city remained under but to 1305, when the Neapolitan Angevin rule began on Vonitsa. In the aftermath Vonitsa was attacked by Thessaly, but not conquered. 1305 conquered Charles II of Anjou Vonitsa for the Angevin family. 1314 Vonitsa fell back to the Despotate of Epirus. 1331 to Vonitsa was under the rule of the Orsini as ruler of the Despotate of Epirus and went Orsini after an attack of Walter VI. lost of Brienne. John I. Orsini recognized the suzerainty of Walter VI. Brienne and thus received Vonitsa, although initially lost militarily, back again.

Vonitsa remained under the rule of Walter VI. of Brienne and his successor, Jean d' Enghien to 1373. 1362 conquered Leonardo Tocco I. Vonitsa. In April 1378 Knights conquered from the Principality of Achaia Vonitsa for this by Carlo I. Tocco, who surrendered the city without a fight. 1380 Vonitsa fell back to Carlo I Tocco. 1479 conquered the Ottoman Empire Vonitsa. Vonitsa was recaptured in the 18th century by the Venetians. Under Venetian rule Vonitsa was divided into three districts: Recinto, Borgo and Boccale. The quarter included here Recinto the Venetian castle. In the Peace of Campo Formio in 1797 Vonitsa was briefly owned French under Napoleon Bonaparte, together with the Ionian Islands, Preveza and Parga. On January 3, 1799 Russia and the Ottoman Empire agreed to a contract, be with which the French possessions of the Ionian Islands and Epirus and Aetolia - Acarnania awarded the Ottoman Empire. In March 1799 a Russian- Turkish fleet manages the conquest of the Ionian Islands. Vonitsa thus falls as the other French Festlandsbesitzungen to the Ottoman Empire. Ali Pasha Tepelenë occupied the French possessions in today's Greek west coast, including Vonitsa, immediately after the conquest of the Ionian Islands. This remained in contrast to the French mainland possessions under suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire itself constantly as a republic.

After the Greek War of Independence in 1829 Vonitsa was de facto and under the London Protocol of 1832 de jure part of the Kingdom of Greece. On October 4, 1862 revolted Vonitsa from General Dimitrios Grivas with insurgent forces against the then Greek king of Bavarian descent, Otto. According to other sources, the father of General Dimitrios Grivas, Theodore Grivas, the leader of the revolt against the Greek King Otto was.

In occupation of Greece during World War II was in Vonitsa a prison, where political prisoners were held captive by the Greek collaborationist government.

Vonitsa and its surroundings were on March 23, 1983 rocked by a major earthquake measuring 6.0 on the Richter scale, which had seven injured and damaged 160 buildings in and around Vonitsa result.

Community structure and population development

Until the Greek local government reform in 1997 was Vonitsa administrative seat of the province ( Eparchia ) Vonitsa ke Xiromerou. After the 1997 reform, put the community Vonitsa - Anaktorio (or just Anaktorio after the Greek Ministry of Internal Affairs ) of the following municipal districts and villages together ( number of inhabitants according to 2001 census ):

• District Vonitsa - Δ.δ. Βόνιτσας - 4,081 inhabitants Vonitsa - Βόνιτσα - 3,840 inhabitants
• Actions ( Actium ) - Άκτιον - 200 inhabitants
• Nea Kamarina - Νέα Καμαρίνα - 41 inhabitants

• Agios Nikolaos - Άγιος Νικόλαος - 830 inhabitants

• Drymos - Δρυμός - 604 inhabitants
• Petra - Πέτρα - 18 inhabitants

• Thyrio - Θύριο ( τ.Θύρρειον ) - 840 inhabitants
• Gourgouvli - Γούργουβλη - 19 inhabitants

• Monastiraki - Μοναστηράκι - 1,418 inhabitants
• Korpi - Κορπή - 7 inhabitants

• Paliambela - Παλιάμπελα - 1,013 inhabitants

Half the population of Vonitsa - Anaktorio lives in the small town of Vonitsa.

Traffic

Vonitsa - Anaktorio is well connected to the Greek road network. The National Highway 42 leads from Amfilohia ( National Road 5, future highway 5) Vonitsa to the island of Lefkada. From the north, founded in 1996, a road link to Preveza Preveza by the share- tunnel which passes under the Strait of Preveza and the European Route 55 from Parga and Preveza continues to the south.

On the peninsula actions there is a large NATO airbase with the third- longest runway in Greece ( 4,200 m ), which almost completely takes over the peninsula from west to east in fitting. This airbase is now also released for the national civil aviation.

A railway connection does not have Vonitsa - Anaktorio.

Attractions

The city's attractions include a very well preserved castle from the Venetian reign.