Wanka-Quechua

Spoken in

• Quechua language family Waywash ( Quechua I) Wanka

Qu ( Quechua products)

Que ( Quechua products)

Que ( macro language ) RLD ( Waylla Wanka ) qxw, ( Shawsha Wanka )

Wanka Wanka Quechua or ( Wanka Quechua Nunashimi, Spanish Quechua Huanca ) is a variety of the central branch of the Quechua language family ( Quechua I or Waywash by Alfredo Torero ), which is spoken in the southern part of the Peruvian department of Junín. It is the language of the historical people of the Wanka.

Wanka particularly different in pronunciation but also in grammar so strong from the southern Quechua ( Chanka, Qusqu - Qullaw ) that communication is not possible. Also related to Ancashino the phonological differences are so strong that speakers of both variants can make mutually intelligible with difficulty.

Wanka divided into three dialects ( Waylla, Waycha, Shawsha ), which roughly correspond to three historical kingdoms of Wanka. The dialect of Shawsha is no longer expected by some linguists to Wanka, as it phonetically and lexically more of the other two is different (more precisely, has retained original features Quechua ).

A special feature of the Wanka ( compared to other Quechua variants) is that instead of [ r] almost always [ l] occurs. The original retroflex sound [ ĉ ] (" tr" at Serafín Coronel Molina and Rodolfo Cerrón Palomino ) has been preserved (as in a few other variants), as is the "sh " [ š] (as in all central and northern dialects ). A large communication barrier with different Quechua - speakers is that the original [q ] to a voiceless glottal plosive ( glottal stop) is or disappears entirely. In Shawsha - Quechua, however, the original [q ] as [h ] is spoken, so it is easier to understand for other Quechua speakers. Furthermore anlautendes [s ] here is obtained, which has become the Waylla and Waycha - Wanka to [h ].

Comparative studies of Alfredo Torero, as well as by Rodolfo Palomino Cerrón and Serafín Coronel Molina, Wanka Quechua - speaking both as a native language, prove that the language of Quechua was already Wankas before it was spoken by the Incas in Cuzco. Mario Vargas Llosa therefore mistaken when he claims that the Incas had the Wanka imposed their language ( Lituma en los Andes, p 83). However, they have left traces in the language in the form of loanwords, such as kari ( man) or Irki ( weak child ). Wanka Quechua belongs to the Quechua I ( after Torero ), while the Incas, a variant of Quechua II ( as today's dialects of Ayacucho and Cuzco, for example ) used. This had major branches of the Quechua already time of the Incas, the quality of different languages ​​, as can be seen also in the so different Quechua dictionaries of Domingo de Santo Tomás and Diego González Holguín from the 16th and 17th centuries.

During the second half of the 20th century, the Wanka Quechua has been state policy of hispanisation ( Castellanización ) displaced (eg ban on speaking in school ), especially in the Mantaro Valley by the Spanish and holds only in mountain areas as everyday language. The number of speakers is likely to remain at 300,000 people. Sources, based on the census data from 1993, only speak about 75,000 speakers. In censuses, however, arise regularly to low numbers for languages ​​with low prestige.