Willem Barentsz
Willem Barents (Dutch Willem Barents, abbreviation of Barentszoon, Barents son, from the time when it did not exist surnames; * in 1550 on the island of Terschelling in the village Formerum, † June 20, 1597 near Novaya Zemlya ) was a Dutch navigator and explorers of the late 16th century. According to him the Barents Sea were ( a part of the Arctic Ocean ) and the Barents named ( a part of the Svalbard archipelago ). Willem Barents was among the first Europeans who undertook a winter in the Arctic ( except the seeds).
Life
1594 left Barents as navigator ( navigator and cartographer ) under Captain Jacob van Heemskerk Amsterdam with two ships to locate the northeast passage to China. The second ship launched in January Corneliszoon Rijp, at that time 26 years old. Barents reached on July 10, 1595 Novaya Zemlya, as its discoverer, he is, at 73 ° 25 'north latitude and continued his journey along the west and north coasts of the island continued until he north within sight of the Orange Islands when Eiskap below 77 ° latitude was prevented by the ice from proceeding further. On June 9, 1596, he discovered the Bear Island and on 19 June the island of Spitsbergen. On the way to the now discovered Jugorstraße Barents came on July 17, 1596 again to Novaya Zemlya and on August 19 at the northeast tip, which he christened the " desire of the Cape " (Dutch Hoek van Begeerte =, corner of desire '). Again, ice prevented its advance into the Kara Sea. He found a refuge in Eishafen the south coast, where he had with his companions to survive all the hardships of an Arctic winter.
Since their ship was frozen again next spring in the ice, they had to leave it and then flee in two open boats on 14 June at the desire of cape around first after the Pechora to Lapland, where Dutch ships they recorded. Five members of the expedition were, however, succumbed to the tortures, including on June 20, Barents, who was buried on the coast of Novaya Zemlya. The rest of the crew reached under Jacob van Heemskerk with great distress, finally, the Kola Peninsula, where they Willem Cornelisz Schouten met, which they brought back to Holland.
The northeastern part of Novaya Zemlya was only much later explored by the Norwegian Edvard Holm Johannesen and Elling Karlsen. The latter took place in 1871, the well-preserved winter home of Barents and in many devices, books ( including the simple narrative Gerrit de Veer's about their experiences ), etc., which he returned in ice after almost 300 years of burial. Studies of Russian and Dutch archaeologists in the 1990s provided further insights into the history and the end of Barents'schen travel.