Willem Bilderdijk
Willem Bilderdijk ( born September 7, 1756 in Amsterdam, † December 18 1831 in Haarlem ) was a Dutch jurist and writer.
Life
Bilderdijk (pronounced - deictic ), son of a doctor, studied at Leiden 1780-82 law and then practiced as a lawyer The Hague. As an avid Orangist he left in 1795 when conquered by the French, the Netherlands and fled to London. In 1797 he moved to Brunswick and went during which as a legal writer by the Observationes et emendationes juris (Braunschweig 1806) known, which he later re- edited (Leiden, 1820, 2 vols ).
After the accession of Louis Bonaparte in 1806, he returned back to Holland, where he was appointed librarian of the king and soon after as a member and secretary of the Dutch National Institute. After Louis 's abdication to Bilderdijk moved to Leiden, lived in Haarlem in 1827 and died there on 18 December 1831 after he had lost by the restoration of his pension.
Work
Strictly Calvinist educated Bilderdijk remained a lifelong devotee of Greek and French classicism, as well as avid critic of rationalism. What rejected his critics as narrow-mindedness and excessive rhetoric, the admiration of Nicolaas Beets, Isaäc gave him da Costa and Jan Jacob Lodewijk ten Kate.
As a poet Bilderdijk has tried in all fields of poetry. Already in 1774 he won with the poem Over the invloed the densely art op het staatsbestuur a price; the same award was presented to him in 1775 for De liefde tot het vader country to participate.
The first sample of his studies of the classics he gave through his transmission of Sophocles' tragedies: Koning Edipus and Dood van Edipus (1789 ). Other works of that period are: Mijn verlustiging (1781 ) and the poetry collection Bloemptjens ( 1785 ), which consisted mainly of seals in the style of courtly love songs.
While he lingered in a foreign land, appeared in rapid succession more collections than Mengelpoezij (Amsterdam 1799, 2 vols ), Poezij ( 1803-1807, 4 vols, 2nd edition 1822) and quantity Lingen ( 1804-1808, 4 vols. ), which Buitenleven, an adaptation of Delilles L'homme des champs (1803 ) and Fingal (after Ossian, 1805) joined.
After his return to the Netherlands he devoted Louis Bonaparte the Nieuwe quantity pests (Amsterdam 1806, 2 vols ) and wrote the descriptive poem De ziekte the jelly recommend this ( The diseases of the scholars, Amsterdam and Hague 1807, 2nd edition 1829).
At that time, he also tried his hand at drama with the tragedies Floris de Vijfde (1808 ), Willem van Holland, Kormak and others ( in Treurspeien " Hague from 1808 to 1809, 3 vols ) and published De mensch, a paraphrase of Pope's Essay on man (1808 ), as well as the collections Najaarsbladen (1808, 2 vols ), Verspreide poems (1809, 2 vols ) and Winterbloemen " ( Haarlem 1811, 2 vols ).
The liberation of the Netherlands, he celebrated in the poetry of Holland verlossing ( Amsterd. 1813-14, 2 vols, 2nd edition 1833) and the Vaderlandsche ultboezemingen (1815 ). The anthem Willem Frederik and his Wapenkreet emerged during this period.
A downcast mood sprang his asphodels ( Haarlem 1814); serene peace of mind but betrayed his Nieuwe uitspruitsels (1817 ), his Wit en rood (1818, 2 vols ), the satirical poem De dieren (1818 ) and the Nieuwe dichtschakeering ( Amsterd. 1819), and finally the remaining fragment of the epic poem De ondergang Eerste Wareld (1820, last ed, das. 1880).
Under the long series of his other seals are still noteworthy:
- Zedelijke gispingen (1820 );
- Sprokkelingen (1821 );
- Krekelzangen (1822-1823, 3 vols );
- Spreuken (1823 );
- Rotsgalmen (1824, 2 vols );
- Navonkeling (1826, 2 vols );
- Oprakeling (1826 and 1827);
- Devoet in't graf (1827 );
- Naklank (1828 );
- Vermaking (1828 and 1829);
- Schemerschijn (1829 );
- Nasprokkeling ( 1830) and
- Nalezingen (1833, 2 vols ).
After his death the seals yet released: De wereld geesten and het goed waarachtig ( Amsterd. 1843 German by Quack, Stuttgart 1853). Bilderdijk manifests itself in these numerous productions as a thoughtful and imaginative, versatile educated and peculiar poet, which is characterized both by a rare mastery in handling the form. His very own area is the lyric, while he lacks the talent for the epic, even more for the drama. Disturbing emerges his anti-liberal sentiments and his tenacious clinging to the old French art usually what it made inaccessible to the impressions of the English and German literature, which he hated formal.
His historical work Geschiedenis of vader lands ( ed. by Tydeman, Amsterd. 1832-53, 13 vols ) is held in the absolutist spirit. As a linguist, he gave impetus to a gründlichern studies over the traditional direction Seegenbeeks. The Taal -en Especially in this area are closely competent verscheidenheden ( 1820-25, 8 vols ) highlight and Beginsels the woordvoorsching (1831). A complete edition of his " sealing works " got Da Costa ( Amsterdam. 1856-59, 16 Tle ), the final band, the biography of the poet De human en dense WB contains.
Family
His second wife, Catherine Wilhelmina, born Schweickhardt, (* 1777 in The Hague ), married to Bilderdijk since 1797, was also a poet. She delivered several things in her husband Poëzy (1803 ) and the tragedy Elfrida in the Treurspelen (1808 ), were poems voor kinderen (1813 ) and tragedies ( Dargo, Ramiro, 1816) out and died April 16, 1830. Their sealing works appeared collected in 3 volumes ( Haarlem 1858-60 ), published by Da Costa.