Xerox
Xerox Corporation (foundation name Haloid Corporation) is founded in 1906 technology and service companies in the document management area. The current name of the company is derived from xerography, the printing technology that was invented in the 1930s by the physicist and patent attorney Chester F. Carlson. The word comes from the Greek words xerography xeros for " dry" and graphein "to write" for.
2011, the Group is located at No. 121 of the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's most successful companies. In 2010, Xerox had a turnover of 22 billion U.S. $ ( Xerox and ACS) and employs in the year 2011, around 136,000 employees ( Xerox and ACS ) worldwide. The company's stock is traded since 1961 on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).
History
On April 18, 1906, the later Xerox Corporation is established as a " Haloid Company" by Stephan Kubny -Miller to produce photo paper and sell it. 1938 succeeds Chester Carlson, the first copy of a font template by xerography (also known as electrophotography ); In 1942 he was granted a patent for this invention that revolutionized the world of imaging. He sold the license for the xerographic process in 1947 to Haloid. In 1949, the first photocopier in the world - Model A - presented.
In Europe, created in 1956 as a joint venture of the Haloid Company, and the Rank Organisation plc. the Rank Xerox Ltd is .. Two years later the Haloid Company, the Haloid Xerox Inc. Also in Germany Xerox is represented since 1959, the Rank Xerox GmbH is founded. In the same year is the first automatic copier, the Xerox 914, in series production.
1965 opens Rank Xerox in Venray (the Netherlands ) and a manufacturing plant, four years earlier was on April 18 from the Haloid Company, Inc., Xerox Corporation.
1970 will be opened in California, the Palo Alto Research Center ( PARC ) in which it was three years later the world's first minicomputer with WYSIWYG text editor, mouse and graphical user interface ( GUI), the Xerox Alto, developed. The functional equivalent in its essential concept to that of a PC, making the device a model for later developments was. In the same year the world's first color printer, the Xerox 6500 was presented. In 1977, Xerox was the first laser printer in the world, with 120 pages / minute, the hitherto fastest printer: Xerox 9700th
Xerox developed Ethernet in 1979, the first fast Local Area Network (LAN). 1983, the first large format color printer was put on the market. In 1990, the first system for Digital Publishing 135 pages / minute, the DocuTech 135 was published. Print on demand arose.
In 1993, Xerox formed a partnership with Microsoft to combine with the aim of PCs and document processing appliances. Two years later, in 1995, the Document Centre System 20/35 was introduced, the first multifunction device with print / copy / scan / fax. In 1996, the fastest color printer with 40 pages / minute in full color, the DocuColor 40 is brought to the market. In 1997, Rank Xerox Ltd was. in Europe by the Xerox Corp.. acquired and is called henceforth Xerox Ltd..
1999 lost the Xerox shares within a few months two-thirds of its value. In the same year, 9000 jobs were lost in the context of restructuring the world, which was equivalent to a reduction of about 10% of the employees. 2000 plummeted by 90 % of the market price of Xerox in a period of just one year. Drastic measures were introduced - the costs were reduced by $ 1.2 billion and sold shares worth U.S. $ 2.4 billion. Of the more than 93,000 employees in 1999 remained in 2003 only 61,100. Even Germany decided in 2001/ 02 a social plan, lost on the basis of approximately 500 employees in the next three years at their jobs.
Anne M. Mulcahy was named CEO in 2001, a year later as Chairman. The financial situation of Xerox stabilized and a win it was recouped. This positive news was overshadowed by a financial scandal: In April 2002, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ( Securities and Exchange Commission ) initiated an investigation against Xerox one in which it was found that between 1997 and 1999 significantly falsified balance sheets and in these three years nearly 1, 6 billion dollars profit had been expelled too much. Thereupon, Xerox and the auditors KPMG agreed with the Supervisory Authority to the payment of a fine in the tens of millions. The figures of past years had to be revised significantly.
Within just one year, 17 new products were introduced, including the iGen3, a high-performance printer with a speed of 110 color pages / minute. Just one year after the introduction of Xerox celebrated the sale of the one hundredth iGen3.
In 2004, two pioneering systems were introduced: the Nuvera 100/120, a digital monochrome production system with offset -like print quality, and the Phaser 8400 In the same year, Xerox changed its global company and slogan. From " The Document Company Xerox " is " Xerox. Technology. Document Management. Consulting Services. ".
2005, the controversial use of so-called ID - codes in laser printers as a watermark has been integrated to combat illegal counterfeits pressure due to recommendations of the U.S. Secret Service. This year, the DocuColor 7000 has been introduced.
On 28 September 2009 Xerox announced the acquisition of IT services provider Affiliated Computer Services (ACS ) for $ 6.4 billion known ( 4.4 billion euros ), which was completed in February 2010.
Divisions
Its offerings are focused on three key areas: office environments, businesses in the region of production printing and the printing and publishing industry and services, consulting services, system design and management, and document outsourcing.
The digital systems of the Office Group include stand-alone and network-ready color and monochrome printers to laser or solid-ink based, multifunction devices, copiers and fax machines. The portfolio of the Production Systems Group includes, inter alia, publishing systems, digital production printers and "Book Factories". The offers made by Xerox Global Services include outsourcing services document -related processes. For example, these include the development of document management repository or the analysis of efficient methods for sharing of documents and information in the office. Another field of work of the service sector is the operation of pressure centers and post offices on behalf of customers, and the development of Web-based business processes for personalized direct mail, invoices and brochures. In addition, Xerox offers with its separate business paper & accessories a number of software tools, support services and consumables such as toner, paper and ink to.
Xerox Europe has manufacturing, logistics services and back-office locations in Ireland, Poland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal and India, as well as a research laboratory ( Xerox Research Centre Europe ) in Grenoble, France. In Germany Xerox was founded in 1959. The company is headquartered in Neuss, North Rhine -Westphalia.
Research and Development
The company maintains research laboratories in the U.S., Canada and Europe and is annually about U.S. $ 1 billion for research and development activities from. Core areas of research are issues such as color science, digital imaging processes, work methods, electro-mechanical systems, materials research and other disciplines that are associated with printing and document management. The Palo Alto Research Center, founded in 1970 ( Xerox PARC ) was the first Xerox Research Laboratory. In 2007, Xerox the National Medal of Technology.