Zapovednik

A Sapowednik (Russian заповедник, Ukrainian Заповідник / Sapowidnyk; scientific transliteration and English spelling Zapovednik ) is in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and the post-Soviet space a sanctuary with a special legal status. At the time of the disintegration of the Soviet Union were on their territory over a hundred Sapowedniki.

The Sapowedniki are the most important national category for nature reserves in Russia and in English as "strictly protected areas " and referred to as " total reserve " in German. They belong to the highest possible international protected area category of the World Conservation Union ( IUCN ) is (IUCN Category I = " strict nature reserve ").

In addition to the classical nature conservation areas may include historical, cultural or art historically important areas, buildings or facilities or places that are in the collective memory of the society of relevance, given the status of Sapowedniks. The common translation as " nature reserve" thus uses much too short.

Within the confines of a Sapoweniks no economic activity is approved that contradicts the purposes of Sapowedniks or constitutes a threat to harmful effects on the natural processes. Therefore, entering the core zone of a Sapowedniks is prohibited. Only for scientists or well-heeled tourists (who officially participate in scientific studies ) are available in very limited exemptions. The core zone of a Sapowedniks is usually surrounded by a buffer zone in which a restricted land use is permitted. Strictly prohibited fishing, logging, construction, road building are much more These prohibitions do not apply only if they are directed towards the fulfillment of the purposes of the Sapowedniks.

A Sapowednik is a legal person, has a management with a director at the top and a security service as well as scientific subdivisions. Violations of the rights regime can be brought to justice. The individual Sapowedniki have a budget and its own infrastructure, which also includes a solid base of employees (including a director, several Ranger as well as scientific advisor )

• 2.1 Kiev-Pechersk Lavra
• 2.2 National Sapowednik " Khortytsia "

Sapowedniki in Russia

The State Darwin Biosphärensapowednik

The State Darwin Biosphärensapowednik which occupies the north-western part of the Rybinsk Reservoir on the Volga, was established in 1945 after the construction of the Rybinsk hydroelectric power plant. He is researching the suffered by the emergence of the 4580 km ² large reservoir changes in the natural environment.

Kolomenskoye

Among the most famous of Sapowedniki located in the south of Moscow State Art, history and architecture and natural landscape museum - Sapowednik heard ( государственный художественный историко - архитектурный и природно - ландшафтный музей - заповедник ) Kolomenskoye (Russian Коломенское ). It was founded in 1923 on the site of a good Russian grand princes and tsars. Today, the approximately 390 -acre park is a popular destination and recreation area of ​​Moscow, as well as by tourists. On the grounds of Kolomenskoye Contains, among others twenty architectural monuments.

Sapowedniki in Ukraine

In Ukraine, the legal regime for protected areas in 1992 in the Law About the inventory of protected areas of Ukraine ( per pryrodno - sapowidnyj fond Ukrainy ) was (Ukrainian Заповідник Sapowidnyk pryrodnyj природний / ) set. The decision on establishment and allocation of land therefore falls to the President.

Kiev-Pechersk Lavra

In Kiev is situated on the banks of the Dnieper, the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, which has the status of a historical and cultural museum Sapowedniks since 1926. On its territory is located next to the monastery reopened a number of museums.

National Sapowednik " Khortytsia "

Status of the National Sapowedniks " Khortytsia ", which includes the Dnepr Island Khortytsia, that pertains to their local waters as well as the opposite bank and several smaller islands, is fairly new in the Ukraine and was formerly the Historical- cultural Sapowednik on the island Khortytsia only awarded in 1993.

The status of "national" is according to the regulation of the Vice - Prime Minister and Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on 1 July 1992, No. 364, " cultural institutions, which play a prominent role in the spiritual life of the people " award. This status indicates a greater prestige for the facility in question, but also the funding from the state budget and the prohibition of ( even partial ) privatization.

The National Sapowednik " Khortytsia " is located in the city of Zaporizhia in eastern Ukraine, and is the study, development and the protection of both the nature and the historical heritage of the island, among other things, in addition to the history of the Cossacks the prehistoric cultures includes dedicated.