Železná Ruda
The Železná Ruda ( [ ʒɛlɛzna ː Neruda ] German market Eisenstein ) is located in the Sumava National Park and is one of the sporting and tourist centers of tourism of the Bohemian Forest. It is located in the narrow area of two and a half miles distant place Bavarian Eisenstein on the other side of the border between the Czech Republic and Bavaria.
History
Under Ottokar II in the 13th century was a trade route that led from the Danube River in Lower Bavaria from over rain, Zwiesel and Strážov to Klatovy by the Künische Mountains. After mainly on Špičák ( Spitzberg ) of iron ore deposits were discovered, dates from the early 16th century in the valley of the Great Rain Železná Ruda as settlement of miners. At the beginning of the 17th century, the ore deposits were exploited, the mining of iron ore is no longer worth it.
In 1624, after the start of the Thirty Years' War, became the owner of the rule Železná Ruda / Eisenstein, Wolf Heinrich von Notthafft, permission to produce and export glass. Eisenstein was granted market rights. Over time, sprung up into the 19th century in Železná Ruda and around numerous glassworks.
End of the 19th century took in Železná Ruda as a new source of income, tourism its recovery. Because of the Munich Agreement was one Markt Eisenstein from 1938 to 1945 to the district market Eisenstein in the district of Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate. The German inhabitants of the city were expelled in 1945 due to the Benes Decrees from Czechoslovakia. Železná Ruda was from 1948 to 1989 in the military area to the Federal Republic of Germany. By the end of 1989 Velvet Revolution and the formation of the successor state it was in June 1991 on the visa-free opening of the border over the station Bavarian Eisenstein ( Železná Ruda Alžbětín ) about Bavarian Eisenstein to southern Germany.
The German name Markt Eisenstein comes from a document in which the market right (that's why the market in the name) was recorded. The second part of the name comes from the ironworks that was built here in the second half of the 16th century. In the 17th century, the ironworks was converted into a glassworks.
Districts
Alžbětín ( Elisenthal ) Debrník ( Deffernik ) Hojsova Straz (iron road ), Pancíř ( Panzer ), Špičák ( Spitzberg ) and Železná Ruda ( Eisenstein )
Attractions
The town's landmark is the Baroque parish church of Mary Help of the star with onion dome and onion dome. It was built in the years 1729-33 under Count Wolf Heinrich von Nothafft, then owner of the local rule. The ground plan of the church is a hexagram. The bell tower was built in 1777, corresponding in shape to the language of the entire building. In the center of the Baroque high altar is a 1854 made a copy of the miraculous image of Maria Hilf, the original Lucas Cranach has created the Elder for the Capuchin monastery in Innsbruck, flanked by fully plastic in linden wood carved and wider -than-life sculptures of the secondary patrons of the parish church of the holy Emperor Henry II to one side and his wife Gwendolyn to the other side. In the extract of the altar there is a statue of the Holy Trinity. The altar cross is a rare work of polished, engraved ruby glass from the late Baroque, built in one of the once numerous here glassworks.
Also worth mentioning are some handsome villas. In the city and around there are still some bands, such as by St. Barbara and St.. Anna, as well as a Way of the Cross.
Are located close to the lakes The Black ( Black Lake ) and Čertovo ( Devil ). Here stands also the 1202 m high summit of Špičák ( Spitzberg ), under which the Spitzberg tunnel after tunnel Březenský second longest railway tunnel ( 1747 m) in the Czech Republic, passes. There is a ski resort on the slopes of Špičák. Six kilometers north of the city, the mountain rises Pancíř ( Panzer ), to which a mountain cottage with a lookout tower is located.
Traffic
1877 received Markt Eisenstein a railway station serving the Pilsen- ironstone railway Pilsen- Billed ( - Komotau ). Originally planned as a remote connection between Bohemia and Bavaria, the route is today because of its difficult topography, only the regional traffic. There are with Železná Ruda Alžbětín and Špičák two railway stations and with Železná Ruda město and Železná Ruda centrum two stops.
Through the village leads the European Route 53, which emerges at the border crossing from the German Federal Highway 11 and the Czech I/27 is.