Chyhyryn

Tschyhyryn (Ukrainian Чигирин; Russian Чигирин / Chigirin, Polish Czehryń ) is a town in the Ukrainian Cherkasy oblast, on the banks of the river Tjasmyn, which opens below the city in the Krementschuker reservoir. In the field of city management assistant is next to the city was the settlement Tschernetsche ( Чернече ) with about 200 inhabitants.

History

The city Tschyhyryn has its origins in a fortified wintering station for Cossacks, who was at this point from the first half of the 16th century. In the following decades, the settlement developed into a small town, who received in 1592 the Magdeburg Law. 1627 the Trinity monastery was built near the city, which was closed and destroyed during the Soviet era.

Between 1648 and 1660 Tschyhyryn could obtain for a short time national significance, as it was a kind of seat of government of the Ukrainian Cossack state under the Cossack leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky. He had his estate near the town near the village of Subotiv. At 1648 Tschyhyryn had its own Kosakenpulk, which consisted in 1649 of 19 Sotniken.

At the time produced some important buildings, such as Chmelnyzkis Government Building ( 1659-57 ), a town hall and Christ the Savior Church. However, this could not survive up to the present time at all. Among the ambassadors, who came in this time after Tschyhyryn, was also an ambassador of the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich Wilhelm, who in 1657 Bohdan Chmelnyzki sought to offer him a treaty of friendship. After the death of the Cossack leader in 1657, the city lost rapidly in importance again. 1669 the seat of government was moved to Baturyn, 1678 plundered the city by Turkish troops. 1711 the Kosakenpolk was dissolved and the territory again placed under Polish jurisdiction. The vast majority of the Cossacks and the inhabitants moved to the nearby semi-autonomous Cossack state on the left bank of the Dnieper.

With the second partition of Poland in 1793 Tschyhyryn came to Russia in 1797 and was Tschyhyryn a district town in the government of Kiev. 1843 and 1845 visited the Ukrainian writer Taras Shevchenko the place. He wrote about the government time and place some poems.

1897 lived in Tschyhyryn 9,872 people, with 66.6% of Ukrainians were the largest population group, followed by Jews ( 29.6 %) and Russians ( 3.5%). After the place had meanwhile lost its city status in the 20th century, he was re-appointed in 1954 to the city.

In nearby Subotiv a museum and one of the few remaining village churches located in this area, which was built in the Ukrainian Baroque style.

Economy and Transport

Since Tschyhyryn was not connected to the railway network, no larger industry could develop. The focus is on the food and clothing and furniture production. The town lies on the road R -15 ( R = regional significance ), which connects with Krementschuk Cherkassy.

Already in the 1980s should be a coal power plant arise in Tschyhyryn but which has been canceled and the site has been prepared for a 4000 MW nuclear power plant strong. However, the protest by the local population was too large after the Chernobyl disaster, so the project was canceled in 1989. Tschyhyryn still applies as a possible site for new nuclear power plants in Ukraine.

Personalities

• Impact and place of death Cossack leader Bohdan Chmelnyzki (1595 - 1657)
• Impact and place of death of the priest Josyf Tukalsky - Neliubowitsch ( - 1675)
• Birth and site of action of the Cossack leader Petro Doroshenko (* 1627-1698 )