Evenks

The Evenki (also: Evenki; old name: Tungus ) are composed of many regional groups and clans indigenous people. Ewenkische groups live scattered over an area that is larger than Europe. Except in the majority of regions of Siberia there Evenki in Mongolia and the People's Republic of China ( Reindeer - Evenki, Solons, Bargu - Evenki ).

Ewenkische language

The Ewenkische language belongs to the Tungusic languages. For Evenki Russia there since the late 20s of the 20th century, a standard written language. Today is based on the Cyrillic alphabet. Many Evenki Russia now speak mainly Russian, Yakut and Buryat. 1979 were less than half of the Evenki Evenki speak fluent Russian. Among the Evenki of China is as a second or third language, the Mongolian and Chinese common.

Economic forms

Parts of the Evenki operated nomadic reindeer breeding, hunting, fishing. In the 20th century, the Evenki in Russia were made sedentary. A portion was able to continue on state farms ( state farms ) traditional occupations. Other groups of Evenki Evenki like the horse and the Solons of China to operate today mainly nomadic cattle breeding. Unemployment and social problems shape the daily lives of most Evenki Russia today. Some have found a livelihood in the Siberian oil and mining industry.

Religion

The traditional religion of the Evenki is strongly influenced by shamanism ( shamanism ). The ewenkische shamanism was in research even as a classic, typical form. The term " Shaman / chaman / saman " comes from the Evenki. In the 19th century parts of the Evenki were evangelized Christian. They took over certain Russian Orthodox elements (marriage, baptism, funeral forms ) in their culture. Other parts of the Evenki were influenced by Tibetan Buddhism Mongolian embossing. Part of the Evenki has discontinued as a result of Soviet modernization, the religious traditions.

Policy

In Russia, the Evenki group of indigenous peoples of the Russian North, Siberia and the Russian Far East are assigned that are organized under the umbrella organization RAIPON. With its member association in the Evenki Autonomous District of the " Arun " ( Арун ) exists in Russia a dedicated ewenkische self- organization based in Tura, which however is only active in this region. In the other regions (including Yakutia, Buryatia, Sakhalin), the Evenki are represented by regional Ureinwohnervereinigungen that combine on a territorial basis in each case all indigenous ethnic groups in a region.

Population numbers, distribution areas

Russian Federation

According to the census in 2002 lived in Russia 35 527 Evenki.

Mongolia

In the State of Mongolia, there are several thousand Evenki, which are largely assimilated Mongolian.

China

In the People's Republic of China to live according to the last census ( 2010) 30.960 Evenki, of which about 200 Evenki reindeer. The majority is of the so-called " Solon " and asked the Bargu - Evenki. In 1990, 88.8 % of the Evenki of China in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and 9.77 % in Heilongjiang Province were established. Some ewenkische strains were united in the early 1950s at his own request to a separate nationality, Oroqen.

In the administrative area of the prefecture-level city of Hulun Buir, in the extreme northeast of Inner Mongolia there are the following administrative divisions of Evenk:

• Autonomous Banner of the Evenki;
• Ewenkische Nationality community Samagir 2596 km ², 8,722 inhabitants, of whom 321 Evenki; part of the independent city Zalantun;
• Ewenkische Nationality community Olguya (敖 鲁古雅 鄂温克 民族乡): 1096 km ², 498 inhabitants, of whom 219 Evenki; part of the independent city Genhe;
• Daurian and Ewenkische Nationality community Yinhe (音 河 达斡尔 鄂温克 民族乡): 558 km ², 12,575 inhabitants, of whom 1,051 Daur and Evenki; part of the Arun banners;
• Ewenkische Nationality community Chabaqi (查 巴奇 鄂温克 民族乡): 726 km ², 13,196 inhabitants, of whom 687 Evenki; part of the Arun banners;
• Ewenkische Nationality community Deliqir (德 力 其 尔 鄂温克 民族乡): 340 km ², 12,474 inhabitants, of whom 156 Evenki; part of the Arun banners;
• Ewenkischer nationalities - Sum (鄂温克 民族 苏木): 6037 km ², 2,470 inhabitants, of whom 1,589 Evenki; belongs to Old Bargu banners;
• Ewenkische Nationality community Dular (杜拉尔 鄂温克 民族乡): 529 km ², 7,039 inhabitants, of whom 616 Evenki; belongs to the Autonomous Banner Morin Dawa Daur of;
• Ewenkische Nationality community Bayan (巴彦 鄂温克 民族乡): 1.500 km ², 13,499 inhabitants, of whom 1,260 Evenki; belongs to the Autonomous Banner Morin Dawa Daur of.

In the administrative area of ​​Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province in the northwest there are the following administrative division of the Evenki:

• Community Xingwang the Evenki (兴旺 鄂温克 族 乡): 174.7 km ², 12,618 inhabitants, of whom 594 Evenki; part of the independent city Nehe.

Distribution at the provincial level according to the data of the census of 2010 ( as of 1 November 2010)

Distribution areas at the county level ( census 2000)

There were only considered values ​​above 0.40%.

Film

• The Evenki of Siberia. Documentary, Germany, 2012, 43 min, written and directed by Kristian Kähler production: television office, Saarland Radio, arte, Row: Forgotten Peoples, First broadcast: February 20, 2013 in arte, Summary of ARD.