Florian Leopold Gassmann

Florian Leopold Gassmann (or Gaßmann, May 3, 1729 Brüx; † January 21, 1774 in Vienna) was an Austrian composer at the transition from the Baroque to the pre-classical period.

Life

Gassmann was the son of the goldsmith Johann Heinrich Gassmann and his wife Eva Rosina Gassmann. Because of its high talent he received in early youth by the Brüx choirmaster Johann Woborschil lessons in singing, violin and harp .. Maybe he also visited the Jesuit seminary in Chomutov. Because Gassmann's father was against a career in music and wanted to see his son as a spice merchant, the thirteen-year fled to Carlsbad, where he earned a living by playing the harp. The offer of the Elector of Mainz, Philipp Karl von Eltz - Kempenich to become a court musician, refused Gassmann. He left in 1742 to Karlovy Vary and traveled to Venice. A priest gave the contact to Bologna Giovanni Battista Martini. Here Gassmann studied at the Liceo Musicale di Bologna martinis.

After two years of study at Martini Gassmann was in Venice organist in a nunnery, and he found support from the patron Count Leonardo. 1757 composed Gassmann Carnival for the Venetian Teatro San Moise his first opera Merope. From then on he wrote to 1762 every year an opera for carnival season in Venice. In 1757 he was also choir director at the girl Conservatory in Venice. 1763 became Gassmann in Vienna to succeed Christoph Willibald Gluck and composer for ballets. Am Wiener Hof him Joseph II was weighed extremely friendly. Gassmann 1764 chamber composer of the emperor and the court music director in March 1772.

1766 Gassmann met in Venice on the young Antonio Salieri, whom he invited to come to Vienna, and he there - based ad Parnassum by Johann Joseph Fux on the textbook Gradus - taught in composition. 1768 married Florian Leopold Gassmann and Barbara dam. The couple had children Michael Franz (1769-1770), Anna Barbara (1772-1858) and Therese ( 1774-1837 ). Both daughters formed from Antonio Salieri to singers. The younger daughter was able to do under the name, Therese Rosenbaum known as an interpreter of Mozart.

Gassmann 1771 was an initiator establishing the Musicians' law firm, which should organize music events for the public in Vienna. The music composed by him, and on March 19, 1772, first performed oratorio La Bethulia Liberata was the first performance of the firm, whose job it was especially to take care of widows and orphans of deceased members.

1774 died Gassmann to the late consequences of an accident he had suffered on his last trip to Italy. He was buried in the cemetery on the Montserrater Alsergrund. After his death, Salieri chamber composer of Emperor Joseph II and conductor of the Italian opera. The Hofkapellmeisteramt took over the Italian composer Giuseppe Bonno. 1906, a street was named after Gassmann in the Viennese district Hietzing.

List of Works

Operas

  • Merope (1757 )
  • Issipile ( 1758)
  • Gli uccellatori (1759 )
  • Filosofia, ed amore (1760 )
  • Catone in Utica (1761 )
  • Un pazzo ne fà cento ( 1762)
  • L' Olimpiade ( 1764)
  • Il trionfo d' amore ( 1765 )
  • Achille in Sciro (1766)
  • Il viaggatore ridicolo ( 1767)
  • Amore e Psyche ( 1767)
  • L' amore artigiano ( 1767)
  • La notte critica ( 1768)
  • L'Opera seria (1769 ) - played again in 1994 by the State Opera in Berlin at the Hebbel Theater and in Schwetzingen and 2012 in Hanover
  • Ezio (1770 )
  • La Conte Sina (1770 ) - played again in 1971 by the Chamber Opera and Neuburger 2005 by the Summer Opera Schärding
  • Il filosofo innamorato (1771 )
  • Le pescatrici (1771 )
  • I Rovinati ( 1772)
  • La casa di campagna (1773 )
  • Arcifanfano, rè di matti ( lost)
  • L'isle Sunday ante (obtained only as a piano reduction, doubtful)

Arias and ensembles

  • Aria ( Pierotto ) to Galuppi's Il villano geloso ( Act I )
  • Duet ( Cavalier, Grifagno ) to Galuppi's Il villano geloso ( Act I )
  • Aria ( Giannina ) to Galuppi's Il villano geloso ( Act I )
  • Aria ( Giannina ) to Galuppi's Il villano geloso ( Act II )
  • Duet ( Isabella, Pierotto ) to Galuppi's Il villano geloso ( Act III )
  • Finale to Galuppi Il villano geloso ( Act III )
  • Arias to Piccinni Le feint gemelle
  • Finale to Anfossi Lo sposo di tre, marito di nessuna ( Act III )
  • Arias to Paisiello's Don Quixote della Mancia (1771 )
  • Overture, choruses, duets and ballets to Sacchini L' isola d' amore (1769 )

Cantatas

  • Amore e Venere ( 1768)
  • L' amor timido

Oratory

  • La Bethulia Liberata ( 1772)

Church Music

  • Five Masses
  • Vespers
  • Eighteen Propriumsstücke
  • Three hymns
  • Two antiphons
  • Requiem in C minor (1774 ) ( fragment)

Instrumental music

  • About fifty symphonies
  • Divertimenti for various occupations
  • Six string quartets
  • Two trios for flute, violin and viola
Johann Balzer Most First Viennese School Neue Deutsche Biographie Michael Lorenz (musicologist) Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Carlo Goldoni Integrated Authority File
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