Golden Lion
With the Golden Lion ( Leone d' Oro Italian ) is ( feature film ) award at the annual film festival organized by the Venice of the best film in competition. This therefore is the most important award of the festival, before the Silver Lion for best director ( Leone d' Argento per la migliore regia), the Grand Jury Prize (Gran Premio della Giuria ) and the Special Jury Prize ( Premio Speciale della Giuria ). The design was taken from the coat of arms of Venice as the Palme d'Or of the Cannes Film Festival or the Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival. The awarding of the prize agrees the competition jury, which mostly composed of international filmmakers. Since 1970, another Golden Lion is awarded as a special prize for the life work of filmmakers ( Leone d' Oro alla carriera ). Meanwhile, the Golden Lion is awarded as part of the Biennale di Venezia in other branches of art.
The term exists since 1949, first as " Lion of San Marco" ( Leone di San Marco), from 1950 to 1952 as the " Golden Lion of San Marco" and since then as the " Golden Lion". Before the Golden Lion in the years 1947 and 1948 under the name " Big international prize of Venice" (Gran Premio Internazionale di Venezia ) is known, while in the early years of the film festival as the main prize of the " Mussolini Cup " ( Coppa Mussolini ) was awarded. The award, named for propaganda purposes by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini (1883-1945), honored 1934-1942 the best Italian film production and the best foreign feature film. Because of the victory of the German Alexander Kluge ( The Artists in the Big Top: Perplexed ) and the burgeoning 68er movement was not a Golden Lion 1969-1979 awarded. The organizers feared by the award of a representative of the New German Cinema, the general political climate in which a prize was awarded, which was based on a statute of the Fascist era in Italy.
Award winners
The most frequently with the Golden Lion awarded the works of Italian film directors (11 wins), followed by their colleagues from France (9 ), Taiwan and the United States (4 each ), Japan and Germany ( 3) after under the fascist regime Italy's domestic, U.S. and German productions have dominated the award. Since 1949, could triumph twice each the French André Cayatte (1950 and 1960 ) and Louis Malle (1980 and 1987 ), the Chinese Zhang Yimou (1992 and 1999 ) and the Taiwanese Ang Lee (2005 and 2007). In addition, the jury in the past could repeatedly not agree on a winner movie, last happened in 1994 when the Chinese Tsai Ming - Liang ( Vive l' Amour - Long Live Love ) the Golden Lion to the Macedonians MILCO Mančevski ( Before the Rain ) announced. According to the current regulations (as of 2013), the Golden Lion of the jury may, however, be awarded only to a film production.
Win female filmmakers were exceptions as well as at the film festivals of Cannes and Berlin. After 1938, the German Leni Riefenstahl with their two -part documentary Olympia, the Coppa Mussolini won, followed her in 1981 her compatriot Margarethe von Trotta ( The oppressive years ), 1985 the Belgian Agnès Varda ( Outlaw ), 2001, the Indian Mira Nair ( Monsoon Wedding) and 2010 the US-American Sofia Coppola ( Somewhere ). 2013 could again prevail with Gianfranco Rosi's Sacro GRA on the Roman Autostrada A90 is a documentary.
Golden Lion - Best Film
¹ = 1956 no Golden Lion award after the jury not among the competition entries friends to the last ( original title :ビルマの竪琴, Biruma no tategoto ) won the Japanese Kon Ichikawa and main street ( Calle mayor ) of the Spaniard Juan Antonio Bardem. ² = Because of the victory of the German Alexander Kluge ( The Artists in the Big Top: Perplexed ) and the burgeoning 68-movement no more Golden Lion was awarded to 1979. The organizers feared by the award of a representative of the New German Cinema, the general political climate in which a prize was awarded, which was based on a statute of the Fascist era in Italy.