Kremnica
Kremnica ( German: Kremnitz, Hungarian: Körmöcbánya ) is a town and former mining town in central Slovakia. It has 5571 inhabitants ( 31 December 2011) and an area of 43.136 km ². The history of the city Kremnica is closely associated with gold mining. In the Middle Ages and in modern times it was one of the most important mining cities in the world ( "Golden Kremnitz ").
- 2.1 Mint
- 4.1 traffic
- 4.2 Established businesses
- 4.3 Education
Geography
Location
Kremnica lies at an altitude of 564 m N.M. and the community area covers 43,136 km ². The city is located in the mountains Kremnitz ( Slow Kremnicke Hills ) on Kremnický Potok (German Kremnitz Bach), which is a tributary of the grain ( Slow Hron ). The village is located about 20 km west of Banská Bystrica ( Banska Bystrica ), 45 km south of Martin and 175 km east of Bratislava.
Boroughs
The city consists of the districts Grobňa, Mlaky, Peklo, Revolta, Srnia lúka, Šachta Ludovica ( Ludwig shaft ), Šachta Michal ( Michael Schacht ), Šibeničný vrch ( Gallows Hill ), Šturc (fall ) and Veterník ( Legendel, 1808-1888 and since 1924 incorporated ). The community Horna Ves ( German Windischdorf ) was part of Kremnica 1808-1888, 1952-1957 and 1980-1997, the communities Krahule ( German Blaufuß ) Kremnicke Bane ( German Johannes Berg) and Lúčky ( German Honneshau ) 1980-1992.
Population
At the beginning of the 20th century Kremnitz had with the associated seven villages still together 8,906 German, Slovak and Magyar inhabitants.
Ethnic composition (2001)
- Slovaks: 95.76 %
- German: 1.19%
- Czechs: 0.88%
- Roma: 0.86%
- Hungary: 0.33%
- Ukrainians: 0.03 %
Religious affiliation
- Roman Catholic: 64,89 %
- Without denomination: 22.62%
- Evangelical: 5.84%
- Greek - Catholic: 0.46%
History
Although direct evidence of colonization are only scarce, it is believed that the oldest tunnels and shafts from the 8th and 9th century date. The first documentary mention under the name Cremnychbana dates from the year 1328. In this document, the Hungarian king Charles Robert gives the place Cremnychbana the rights and obligations of a free royal city. Among other things, the new city will have the right to choose a judge as well as the city council to free exercise of the mining company and was given all the land and forests in a radius of 2 miles. At the same time the Mint was established (see below), which already in 1329 its started operations. In addition to the already established Slavic and German population even more settlers, partly from the surrounding mountain towns, some from abroad ( Italy, Bavaria, Austria, Silesia, Bohemia and Flanders) came. The first Münzprager were invited from the Czech Kutna Hora. In a short time the city the seat of the royal mining and coin chamber and the chamber Grafs was administered (up to the 16th century ), the mining and mints in 12 counties.
In addition to mining and the Mint, however, other sectors of the economy were significant: After a tax register from the years 1442-3 135 craftsmen were active in the city, which later merged into guilds (first mentioned in 1465 ). At that time there were about 3,500 residents in the city. Together with other mining towns Schemnitz, Banska Bystrica, Königsberg, Pukanz, Dilln and Libethen Kremnitz belonged to the seven low- Hungarian mining towns.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, there was a decline of gold mining, in part by technical difficulties ( deeper mining flooded wells ), and by political events ( Turkish wars, anti-Habsburg uprisings ) conditionally. At the same time the mining and coin chamber lost its importance and was assumed since the 17th century the Habsburg Court Chamber in Vienna, while the chamber Graf moved its headquarters to Schemnitz. Thanks to the rapid development of the mining technique it came in the 18th century to an upswing, but Kremnitz could not reach and after the end of the 18th century it came to another decline, the leading role. Nevertheless, the deep mining was discontinued in 1970.
Even in the 19th century lived 6,100 mostly German inhabitants in the mountain town, which was made world famous by the gold and silver mines. In 1876 the Free City Kremnitz received a magistrate in the county, Hungary bars.
Mint
Comes the right of a coin from the year 1328. In this mint, the Mincovňa Kremnica the coins of the city of Florence were minted so-called Floren time being following the pattern. However, they were soon renamed ducats. The coin has evolved over the centuries, one of the largest mints in Austria -Hungary and is now one of the oldest still operating companies of this kind in the world ( mint mark: MK in circle).
After the coins for Czechoslovakia, the Slovak crowns were also influenced how the euro coins. For the euro changeover had to be coined in the year 2008 500 million coins. In addition, coins are minted for approximately 60 other countries. These coins are issued in a building from 1430 in which a museum.
Attractions
In the fortified city, there is a castle and a Gothic castle church of St. Anna from the 13th century, the St. Elisabeth Church (14th century ) and the House of the Queen Mary. Furthermore, there is a Franciscan monastery built in 1634.
Economy and infrastructure
Traffic
The main street of 65 Žiar nad Hronom by Martin leads through the village. The station is located on the Kremnica ( Salgótarján ) Zvolen - Vrútky ( Hatvan Rutka ).
Established businesses
In addition to state coin ( Mincovňa Kremnica ) there are the companies Elba and Elka and Kremnitz mines.
Education
In the city there are 1 high school, 2 primary schools, art school JL Bel and a kindergarten.
Sons and daughters of the town
- Martin Chladni (1669-1725), Lutheran theologian
- Oľga Adamčíková, (1903-1992), Slovak actress
- Ladislav Chudík, (* 1924), actor
- Jozef Pribilinec, ( b. 1960 ), Slovak tourers
Twin Cities
- Italy Fidenza, Italy
- Germany Herbolzheim, Germany
- Czech Republic Kutna Hora, Czech Republic
- Czech Republic Nový Jičín, Czech Republic
- Šurany Slovakia, Slovakia
- Várpalota Hungary, Hungary