List of state leaders in 1913

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3.1 East, South and Southeast Asia
3.2 Middle East
3.3 Central Asia

Africa

Angola ( Portuguese Colony ) Governor-General: José Norton de Matos (1912-1915)

Emperor Menelik II (1889-1913)
Emperor Iyasu V. (November 12, 1913-1916 )

Khedive Abbas II (1892-1914)
British Consul General Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum ( 1911-1914 )

Governor-General Reginald Wingate (1899-1916)

Governor-General Félix Fuchs (1912-1916)

Governor Henry Conway Belfield (1912-1917)

Governor: Heinrich Schnee (1912-1918)

Governor Theodor Seitz (1910-1915)

Governor General: Martial Merlin (1908-1917)

Governor General: Charles Lutaud (1911-1918)

Governor General William Merlaud -Ponty (1908-1915)

Governor Hugh Charles Clifford (1912-1919)

Governor: Giacomo De Martino (1910-1916)

Governor: Karl Ebermaier (1912-1916)

Sheikh Ahmad al-Sharif (1902-1918)
Italian governor: Ottavio Briccola (1911-1913)
Italian governor: Giovanni Battista Ameglio (1913-1918)

Heads of State and Head of Government: President Daniel E. Howard (1912-1920)

Governor General Albert Picquié (1910-1914)

Sultan Moulay Yusuf (1912-1927)
French resident-general Hubert Lyautey (1912-1925)

Governor General Alfredo Afonso Mendeses de Magalhães (1912-1913)
Governor General Augusto Ferreira dos Santos (1913-1914)

Governor: Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard ( 1912-1914 )
Sokoto Sultan Muhammad Attahiru II (1903-1915)

Sultan Khalifa ibn Harûb ibn Thuwaini (1911-1960)

Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General Viscount Herbert John Gladstone (1910-1914)
Head of government: Prime Minister Louis Botha (1910-1919)

Governor: Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard ( 1912-1914 )

Governor Adolf Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg (1912-1914)

Governor: Ottavio Ragni (1912-1913)
Governor: Vincenzo Garioni (1913-1914)

Bey: Muhammad V an-Nasir (1906-1922)
French resident-general: Gabriel Alapetite (1907-1918)

America

North America

Canada Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General Prince Arthur (1911-1916)
Head of government: Prime Minister Robert Borden (1911-1920)

Mexico Heads of State and Head of Government: President Francisco Madero ( 1911-17. February 1913 )
(acting) Pedro lascurain Paredes (February 18, 1913)
President Victoriano Huerta (February 18, 1913-1914 )

Newfoundland Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General: Ralph Champneys Williams (1909-1913)
Walter Edward Davidson (1913-1917)
Head of government: Prime Minister Edward Patrick Morris (1909-1917)

United States of America Heads of State and Head of Government: President William Howard Taft ( 1909-4. March 1913 )
President Woodrow Wilson (March 4, 1913 to 1921 )

Central America

Costa Rica Heads of state and head of government: President Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno (1910-1914)

Dominican Republic Heads of State and Head of Government: President Adolfo Alejandro Nouel ( 1912-1. March 1913 )
President José Bordas (13 April 1913-1914 )

El Salvador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Manuel Enrique Araujo ( 1911-8. February 1913 )
(provisional) Carlos Meléndez (9 February 1913-1914 )

Guatemala Heads of state and head of government: President Jose Manuel Estrada Cabrera (1898-1920)

Haiti Heads of State and Head of Government: President Tancrède Auguste ( 1912-3. May 1913 )
President Michel Oreste (May 15, 1913-1914 )

Honduras Heads of State and Head of Government: President Manuel Bonilla ( 1912-21. March 1913 )
President Francisco Bertrand (March 21, 1913-1919 )

Cuba Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Miguel Gómez ( 1909-20. May 1913 )
President Mario García Menocal (May 20, 1913-1921 )

Nicaragua Heads of State and Head of Government: President Adolfo Díaz (1911-1917)

Panama Heads of State and Head of Government: President Belisario Porras Barahona (1912-1916)

South America

Argentina Heads of State and Head of Government: President Roque Sáenz Peña (1910-1914)

Bolivia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Heliodorus Villazón ( 1909-14. August 1913 )
President Ismael Montes (August 14, 1913-1917 )

Brazil Heads of State and Head of Government: Field Marshal Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca (1910-1914)

Chile Heads of State and Head of Government: President Ramón Barros Luco (1910-1915)

Ecuador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Leonidas Plaza Gutiérrez (1912-1916)

Colombia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Carlos Eugenio Restrepo (1910-1914)

Paraguay Heads of state and head of government: President Eduardo Schaerer (1912-1916)

Peru Heads of State and Head of Government: President Guillermo Billinghurst (1912-1914)

Uruguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Batlle y Ordóñez (1911-1915)

Venezuela Heads of State and Head of Government: General Juan Vicente Gómez (1908-1914)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bhutan Ruler: King Ugyen Wangchuk (1907-1926)

Brunei ( a British protectorate ) Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II (1906-1924)

British India Kaiser: George V (1910-1936) Viceroy Charles Hardinge (1910-1916)

Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Amir Khan IV (1907-1947)

Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III. (1875-1939)

Sultan Jahan Begum Kaikhusrau (1901-1926)

Maharaja Ganga Singh Rao (1887-1943)

Maharaja Rajarajendra Bhup Narayan Bahadur (1911-1913)
Maharaja Jitendra Narayan Bhup Bahadur (1913-1922)

Maharaja Madho Rao Scindia (1886-1925)

British Resident Alexander Fleetwood Pinhey (1911-1916)

Maharaja Tukojirao Holkar III. (1911-1926)

Maharaja Sawai Madho Singh II Shri Sir (1880-1922)

Maharaja Pratap Singh (1885-1925)

Maharaja Shahaji II (1884-1922)

Maharaja Sumer Singh (1911-1918)

Maharaja Fateh Singh (1884-1930)

Maharaja Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV (1894-1940)

Chogyal Thutob Namgyal (1874-1914)

Maharaja Moolam Thirunal (1885-1924)

China Head of state: President Yuan Shikai (1912-1916)
Head of government: Cabinet President Zhao Bingjun ( 1912-1. May 1913 )
(acting) Duan Qirui ( 1 May to 31 July 1913)
Cabinet President Xiong Xiling (July 31, 1913-1914 )

French Indochina Governor General Albert Sarraut (1912-1919)
Annam Kaiser: Duy Tân (1907-1916)

King Sisowath I. (1904-1927)

King: Sisavang Vong (1904-1959)

Japan Head of State: Emperor Yoshihito (1912-1926)
Head of government: Prime Minister Katsura taro ( 1912-20 February. , 1913 )
Prime Minister Yamamoto Gonnohyōe ( February 20 1913 to 1914 )

Malaysia ( British Protectorate) Straits Settlements Governor: Arthur Young (1911-1920)

Negeri Sembilan Yamtuan Besar: Tuanku Muhammad Shah ibni Tuanku Almarhum Antah (1888-1933)

Sultan Mahmud Shah (1909-1917)

Sultan Idris Shah I (1887-1916)

Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah (1896-1937)

Johor Sultan Ibrahim (1895-1959)

Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah (1881-1943)

Sultan Muhammad IV (1900-1920)

Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah (1881-1943)

Sultan Zainal Abidin III. (1881-1918)

Nepal Head of state: King Tribhuvan (1911-1955)
Head of government: Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1901-1929)

Dutch East Indies Governor General Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg (1909-1916)
Surakarta Susuhunan Pakubuwono X. (1893-1939)

Sultan Hamengkubuwono VII (1877-1921)

Sarawak ( British Protectorate) Raja Charles Brooke Johnson (1868-1917)

Siam (now Thailand) Ruler: King Vajiravudh (1910-1925)

Middle East

Arabia ( dynasty of Saud ) Imam Abdul Rahman ibn Abdallah (1902-1928)

Yemen Head of state: King Yahya Muhammad Hamid al-Din (1911-1948)

Muscat and Oman Head of State: Sultan Faisal ibn Turki (1888-1913)
Head of State: Sultan Taimur ibn Faisal (1913-1932)

Persia (now Iran) Head of state: Ahmad Shah Qajar (1909-1925)
Head of government: Prime Minister Saad al Dowleh ( 1912-11. January 1913 )
Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Khan Ala al - Saltaneh (January 11, 1913-1914 )

Shihr and Mukalla ( British Protectorate) Sultan Ghalib bin Awadh al - I. Qu ʿ aiti (1909-1922)

Central Asia

Afghanistan Ruler: Emir Habibullah Khan (1901-1919)

Mongolia (disputed ) Head of state: Bogd Gegeen Dschebtsandampa (1911-1924)
Head of government: Prime Minister Sain Khan Nojon Shirindambyn Namnansiiren (1912-1919)

Tibet ( disputed) Ruler: Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatsho (1913-1933)

Australasia

Australia Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General: Baron Thomas Denman (1911-1914)
Head of government: Prime Minister Andrew Fisher ( 1910-24. June 1913 )
Prime Minister Joseph Cook (June 24, 1913-1914 )

New Zealand Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor Earl Arthur Foljambe (1912-1917)
Head of government: Prime Minister William Massey (1912-1925)

Europe

Albania Head of government: Prime Minister Ismail Qemali (1912-1913)
Prime Minister Myfit Libohova (1913-1914)

Andorra Co - Prince: President of France: Armand Fallières (1906-1913)
Raymond Poincaré (1913-1920)
Bishop of Urgell: Juan y Benlloch Vivó (1907-1919)

Belgium Head of State: King Albert I (1909-1934)
Head of government: Prime Minister Charles de Broqueville (1911-1918)

Bulgaria Head of State: Tsar Ferdinand I (1908-1918)
Head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Ivan Geschow ( 1911-14. June 1913 )
Chairman of the Council of Ministers Stojan Danew ( 14 June-17 July 1913)
Chairman of the Council of Ministers Vasil Radoslawow (June 17, 1913-1918 )

Denmark Head of state: King Christian X (1912-1947)
Head of government: President Klaus Berntsen ( 1910-21. June 1913 )
Council President Carl Theodor Zahle (June 21, 1913-1920 )

German Empire Kaiser Wilhelm II (1888-1918) Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann -Hollweg (1909-1917)

Duke Frederick II (1904-1918) Minister of State Ernst von Laue (1910-1918)

Grand Duke Frederick II (1907-1918) Minister of State: Alexander of shower (1905-1917)

King Otto I. (1886-1913) Regent Prince Regent Ludwig (1912-1913) ( from 1913 king)

Chairman of the Council of Ministers: Georg Freiherr von Hertling (1912-1917)

Regent: Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg (1907-1913)
Duke Ernst August (1913-1918)

Mayor: Carl Georg Barkhausen (1904 ) ( 1906) (1911 ) (1913 ) ( 1916)

Reichsstatthalter: Prince Karl von Wedel (1907-1914) State Secretary of the Ministry of Alsace- Lorraine: Hugo Freiherr wrath of Bulach (1908-1914)

First Mayor: Carl August Schröder (1912-1913) (1916 )

Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig (1892-1918) President of Total Ministry: Christian Ewald (1906-1918)

Prince Leopold IV (1905-1918)

Mayor: Johann Georg Eschenburg (1905-1906) (1909-1910) (1913-1914)

Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV (1897-1918)

Grand Duke Adolf Friedrich V (1904-1914)

Grand Duke: August II (1900-1918) Minister of State: Julius Friedrich Heinrich Ruhstrat (1908-1916)

King William II (1888-1918) Prime Minister: Theobald von Bethmann -Hollweg (1909-1917)

Prince Heinrich XXIV (1902-1918) Regent: Heinrich XXVII. (1908-1918)

Prince Heinrich XIV (1867-1913) Regent: Heinrich XXVII. (1908-1913)

King Friedrich August III. (1904-1918) Chairman of the Department: Max Clemens Lothar Freiherr von Hausen (1912-1914)

Duke Ernst II (1908-1918)

Duke Carl Eduard (1900-1918)

Duke: George II (1866-1914)

Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst (1901-1918)

Prince Adolf II (1911-1918)

Prince Günther Victor (1890-1918)

Prince Günther Victor (1909-1918)

Prince Friedrich (1893-1918)

King William II (1891-1918) President of the State Ministry: Karl von Weizsäcker (1906-1918)

France Head of state: President Armand Fallières (1906-1913)
President Raymond Poincaré (1913-1920)
Head of government: President of the Ministerial Council Raymond Poincaré ( 1912-21. January 1913 )
President of the Council of Ministers Aristide Briand ( 21 January-22 March 1913)
President of the Council of Ministers Louis Barthou ( March 22 to December 9 1913)
President of the Council of Ministers Gaston Doumergue (December 9, 1913-1914 )

Greece Head of state: King George I ( 1863-18. March 1913 )
King Constantine I (March 18, 1913-1917 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos (1910-1915)

Italy Head of state: King Victor Emmanuel III. (1900-1946)
Head of government: President of the Council of Ministers Giovanni Giolitti (1911-1914)

Liechtenstein Ruler: Prince Johann II (1858-1929)

Luxembourg Head of State: Grand Duchess Maria- Adelheid (1912-1919)
Head of government: President of the Government Eyschen Paul (1888-1915)

Monaco Prince Albert I (1889-1922) Minister of State: flat Émile (1911-1917)

Montenegro Head of State: Prince Nikola (1860-1918)
Head of government: Prime Minister Herzog employees Martinovic ( 1912-8. May 1913 )
Prime Minister General Sirdar Janko Vukotic (8 May 1913-1915 )

Netherlands Head of state: Queen Wilhelmina (1890-1948)
Head of government: Prime Minister Theo Heemskerk ( 1908-29. March 1913 )
Prime Minister Pieter Cort van der Linden (29 March 1913-1918 )

Norway Head of state: King Haakon VII (1906-1957)
Head of government: Prime Minister Jens Bratlie ( 1912-31. March 1913 )
Prime Minister Gunnar Knudsen (March 31, 1913-1920 )

Ottoman Empire (now Turkey) Ruler: Sultan Mehmed V (1909-1918)

Austria - Hungary Head of State: Emperor Franz Joseph I (1848-1916)
Head of government: Prime Minister Karl Stürgkh (1911-1916)

Portugal Head of state: (provisional) president Manuel José de Arriaga ( 1911-1915 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva ( 1912-9. January 1913 )
Prime Minister Afonso Augusto da Costa (9 January 1913-1914 )

Romania Head of state: King Charles I (1881-1914)
Head of government: Prime Minister Titu Maiorescu (1912-1914)

Russia Tsar Nicholas II (1894-1917)

San Marino Captains Regent: Menetto Bonelli, Vincenzo Marcucci ( 1912-1. April 1913 )
Giuseppe Angeli, Ignazio Grazia ( 1 April to 1 October 1913)
Cirro Belluzzi, Domenico Suzzi Valli (October 1, 1913-1914 )

Sweden Head of state: King Gustav V (1907-1950)
Head of government: Prime Minister Karl Staaff (1911-1914)

Switzerland President Eduard Müller (1899, 1907, 1913)
Federal Felix Calonder ( from 12 June ), Ludwig Forrer, Arthur Hoffmann, Giuseppe Motta, Eduard Müller, Louis Perrier (May 16 ), Marc -Emile Ruchet, Edmund Schulthess

Serbia Head of state: King Peter I (1903-1918)
Head of government: Prime Minister Nikola Pašić (1912-1918)

Spain Head of state: King Alfonso XIII. (1886-1931)
Head of government: Government President Álvaro Figueroa Torres ( 1912-27. October 1913 )
Government President Eduardo Dato (27 October 1913-1915 )

United Kingdom Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Head of government: Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith Earl (1908-1916)

Menelik II. East Africa Protectorate German East Africa List of Governors of the Gold Coast Italian Somaliland List of governors of Kamerun Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi Daniel Edward Howard History of Madagascar List of rulers of Morocco Yusef of Morocco History of Mozambique Northern Nigeria Protectorate Sokoto Caliphate Zanzibar Archipelago List of colonial governors of German Togoland List of Beys of Tunis Hermes da Fonseca Druk Gyalpo List of Sultans of Brunei British Raj Bahawalpur (princely state) Baroda State Bhopal State History of Bikaner Koch Bihar Gwalior State Hyderabad State Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII Mir Yousuf Ali Khan, Salar Jung III Dhundhar Kashmir Kolhapur State Marwar Mewar Kingdom of Mysore Annam (French protectorate) Cambodia Sisowath of Cambodia History of Malaysia List of British Governors of the Straits Settlements Federated Malay States Kedah Tribhuvan of Nepal Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Said Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman Taimur bin Feisal Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman Arthur Foljambe, 2nd Earl of Liverpool Albert I of Belgium Ferdinand I of Bulgaria Vasil Radoslavov Christian X of Denmark Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt Otto of Bavaria Regency Ludwig III of Bavaria Georg von Hertling Duchy of Brunswick Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick Bremen Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Frederick Augustus III of Saxony Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe George I of Greece Constantine I of Greece Victor Emmanuel III of Italy Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein Albert I, Prince of Monaco Nicholas I of Montenegro Wilhelmina of the Netherlands Afonso Costa Arthur Hoffmann (politician) Marc-Émile Ruchet Peter I of Serbia Eduardo Dato e Iradier

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