Qinghai
- Total - Contribution to PRC
721,000 km ² 7.51%
- Total 2010 - Density
5.57 million inhabitants 7.2 inhabitants / km ²
Qinghai (Chinese青海, Pinyin Qīnghǎi ) is a province of the People's Republic of China in the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau. Its territory covers or overlaps partially with the Tibetan Amdo.
History
There have been since the end of the great Tibetan empire, with the Tsenpos ( btsan po) headed by a Kaiser- same rulers, not united on the whole Tibetan plateau Tibet more. In particular, eastern Tibet consisted of a large number of small and medium-sized kingdoms and territories which were under partly the Lhasa government of the later Dalai Lamas, some Chinese provinces and in some cases were highly independent. Since about 1727, known as Kukunor Territory north of Kham and Amdo, most of Xining were administered, a city that was subordinate to the early 20th century, the Gansu province.
For this management area declined in 1928 today's Qinghai Province forth, dominated the majority of which from 1912 to 1949 but still of products originating in Gansu Muslim- Chinese Hui governors and warlords ( Xibei San Ma) instead of the Government of the Chinese Republic and the Tibetan government in Lhasa been.
Already 1781-84, the Hui Muslims had risen against the central government of China, in 1807 there was an uprising of the Tibetan tribes. Recently a Muslim uprising was suppressed by the authorities in the region in October 1993. In 2008 Tibetan unrest intervened briefly about on Qinghai.
The region was on 14 April 2010 hit by an earthquake of magnitude 7.1, in which at least 400 people killed, 8,000 injured and many more homeless.
Population
The population is multi-ethnic: The mountainous west is inhabited by nomads. A good half of the population is Han Chinese ( 54.5 %), the rest are Tibetans (20.8%), Hui (16%), Mongolian, Salar, Tu and Dongxiang. The Tibetan dialects speaking ethnic groups, however, do not call themselves Böpa ( bod pa ) as the Tibetan term for Tibetans is, but Amdowa (a mdo pa) and Khampa ( khams pa).
Most Tu and many Mongolians are like the Tibetan Lamaist Buddhists. Hui, Salar and Dongxiang are predominantly Muslims.
Geography
The capital of Qinghai Xining, she is also the only major city in the province. The second largest city, Golmud, just has a little over 270,000 inhabitants. More than half of the terrain is on 4000 to 5000 meters altitude. Agriculture is possible up to 3200 meters altitude. In the province of the northeast part of the Chang Tang, the Tibetan Plateau is. Also, here is the desert-like Qaidam Basin.
Located here Qinghai Lake is the largest salt lake in China and delivers both salt and phosphates; in addition there are mineral resources in the form of oil, coal and iron ore. To the east of Qinghai Huang He (Yellow River ) flows, here lives the majority of the population. Also the Yangzi has its source in Qinghai. The climate is continental: dry with long cold winters and short summers.
The capital Xining has for many centuries as a gateway to Tibet and Central Asia.
Administrative Divisions
The Qinghai province consists of a prefecture-level city, a government district and six autonomous counties.
Autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties for national minorities effectively extend over the entire area of the province. Well 97 % of Qinghai are Tibetan autonomous areas, compared with only two percent of the Hui. However, the Tibetans have by far the largest Autonomous County ( Haixi ) share with the Mongols, and in the Autonomous District Haibei there are more than Hui Tibetans.
Economy
Among the Tibetans and Mongols is still the movement of livestock ( yaks, sheep, cashmere goats, horses) on the Tibet - Qinghai Plateau, the plateau that extends to Tibet in the south, predominantly. In the north- east of the province dominates the sedentary agriculture, especially in the Islamic peoples Qinghai ( Hui, Dongxiang, Salar ), sometimes also in the Tibetan Buddhist Tu ( Mongour ).
Sports
In 2009, the Climbing World Championships were held in Qinghai.