Schottenkirche, Vienna
The Scots Church ( Basilica of Our Lady to the Scots ) is a Roman Catholic parish church in Vienna and at the same time the abbey church of a Benedictine abbey, the Schottenstift. It is located on the Freyung in the 1st district of Vienna Inner City.
- 2.1 choir organ
- 2.2 Main organ
History
The old Scots Church
Shortly after the foundation of the Vienna Scots monastery by Duke Henry II Jasomirgott in the year 1155 started the construction of the Scots Church; it was consecrated in 1200 by the Bishop of Passau, Wolfger of Erla. From this first, Romanesque church, a three-nave pillar church with an apse, residues in the Dark sacristy and the Romanesque chapel are still preserved. In the latter, which today serves as a daily chapel, also a Romanesque statue of Mary Our love is wife to the Scots ( 1250 ), the oldest of Mary Wiens.
When Henry Jasomirgott died in 1177, he was granted his wish was buried in accordance with the Scots church in a high grave. Later, his wife Theodora and his daughter Agnes were laid to him.
After disputes with the Vienna pastor the Scots obtained as a result of an arbitration award papal delegated judge on August 28, 1265 parochial rights for their Viennese territory, first with restrictions on the baptismal and burial law, from 1269, completely unlimited.
1276 was the Scots Church a great fire victim, and it was renewed to 1317 in early Gothic style. After an earthquake in 1443 damaged the church, the choir was from 1446 to 1449 reshaped gothic. For this choir was 1469-1475, a large altarpiece, the so-called Scots Master altar created.
Baroque construction
The collapse of a tower after lightning strike was taken in 1638 by Abbot Johann Walter finger to the occasion, first completely overhaul the choir and the tower of the church. Here, however, we reduced the length of the church, so that the tower today is not contiguous to the longhouse. The establishment of the barrel-vaulted pilaster church with indicated transept concerned under Abbot Anton Spindler of Hofegg the architect Andrea Allio the Elder, his cousin Andrea Allio the Younger and Silvestro Carlone. As part of this new building, the crypt of Schottenstift was created. The new church was consecrated by the Bishop of Vienna Philipp Friedrich von Breuner on May 31, 1648.
The stone carvings were the imperial chamber and sculptor Peter Hofsteinmetz Concorz, sculptor at Freyung transferred. For this purpose, he bought a quarry in Kaisersteinbruch, according to the contract with Abbot Michael II beak from Heiligenkreuz Abbey. 1651 established the Hofsteinmetzmeister Bartholomew Khöll the main portal of the tower facade. For the niche of the sculptors Tobias Kracker created the statue of Madonna and Child.
The Baroque painter Joachim von Sandrart created for the Scots Church, the paintings of the Apostles Altar (1652 ) and the cross altar (1654 ) and the new high altar Angelic Glory ( 1671), which today is located in the Prälatensaal of Scots pin. Tobias Pock painted the altar of St. Mary's altar, the Benediktusaltars (both 1651-1655 ) and Sebastian altarpiece ( 1655-1658 ) and a first end of the 20th century fresco of St. Wolfgang bared ( 1655 ).
After the second Turkish siege of the church was restored again. Since the baroque west towers hardly extend beyond the facade, there have been plans to increase it - to it but never came. For Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, the defender of Vienna during the Turkish siege which was buried in the crypt of the Scots Church, designed by Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach in 1725 an epitaph in the church.
Transformations in the 19th and 20th centuries
From 1883 to 1887, Abbot Ernest Hauswirth restore the church and partially remodel. Except for Benedict and Gregoriusaltar the baroque altars were replaced by neo-Renaissance and neo-Baroque altars. It created a new altar according to designs by Heinrich Ferstel with a mosaic of Michael Rieser and new ceiling painting by Julius Schmid. The founder Henry Jasomirgott, who had been reburied several times over the centuries, received in 1901 in the crypt of the Scots Church a Neo-Romanesque sarcophagus than previously buried.
In 1958, the Scots Church by Pope Pius XII. the rank of a minor basilica raised.
Under Abbot Heinrich Ferenczy the choir was redesigned the liturgical reforms of the 20th century according to the years 1992 to 1994. The new main altar was placed at the intersection of the two main axes, the ambo before the altar in the center axis of the nave. Was rebuilt, a new choir stalls.
Organs
The pin organist who worked at the Scots Church, including Wolfgang Schmeltzl ( 1550s - years, as schoolmaster ), Johann Rasch ( 1570-1601 ), the former court organist Georg Piscator ( 1649-1660 ), the great Baroque musician Johann Joseph Fux ( 1696 - 1702), Johann Baptist Henneberg ( 1783 ) and the current St. Pölten organist Louis Lussier (2000-2006 ). Current Stiftsorganistin is Zuzana Ferjenčíková ( since 2006).
In the wake of recent church renovation two new organs were placed in the Scots Church. Both the choir organ (1994 ) as well as the main organ (1996 ) were built by the Swiss Organ Builders manufacture Mathis.
Choir organ
The choir organ has 20 stops on two manuals and pedal. The instrument was applied in two parts along the lateral walls of the choir, on the right is as Epistelorgel the main work with the game table, left as gospel organ behind an identical brochure the swellable addition to plant and pedal.
- Couplers: II / I, I / P, II / P
Main organ
The main organ found in the historic prospectus preparation, which had been created for the former organ of Ignaz Kober (1804 ). The instrument with mechanical play and Registertrakturen with electronic combination system has 49 stops on three manuals and pedal.
- Couplers: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P III / P
- Accessories: organo pleno ( principals, basic votes, and I P.)
Baptisms, weddings, funerals
Among the many people who have been baptized in the Scots Church, include the rococo painter Giovanni Antonio Guardi, the Polish general Józef Antoni Poniatowski, the Porzellanmodellierer Anton Grassi and film director Fritz Lang. In the Scots Church have married the portrait painter Frans Luyckx, the Baroque musician Johann Joseph Fux, the sculptor Johann Paul Schilck, the Baroque painter Paul Troger, the musician Franz Anton von Weber and the Orientalist Joseph von Karabacek.
In the crypt of the Scots Church of the founders are Duke Henry II Jasomirgott, his wife Theodora and his daughter Agnes as buried as the defender of Vienna, Count Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, the High Steward Prince Johann Ferdinand of Porcia, the Field Marshal Count Ludwig Andreas von Khevenhüller, the diplomat Count Gottlieb Amadeus of Windisch -Graetz, Franz Freiherr von Lisola and Johann Rudolf Schmid Freiherr von Schwarz Horn, the sculptor Johann Jacob Pock and the painter Paul Troger. On the 1751 abandoned cemetery Voglsang next to the church, the painter Frans Luyckx was buried.
For the composer Joseph Haydn, who had initially been buried because of the occupation of Vienna by the French only quietly on the Hundsturmer cemetery, a large memorial mass was celebrated on June 15, 1809 in the Scots Church, sang in Mozart's Requiem.