Svaneke

Template: Infobox city in Denmark / Maintenance / surface missing template: Infobox city in Denmark / Maintenance / height missing

Svaneke is a small town on the Baltic coast, located in the northeastern part of the Danish island of Bornholm. It has a central fishing port and marina and two small side ports each on the outskirts, in the north of the Vigehavn and in the south at the lighthouse the Hullehavn.

Due to the well-preserved building structure of its town center with half-timbered houses that were built mostly in the 18th and 19th centuries, Svaneke is a popular tourist destination today.

To maintain the historic townscape of the city Svaneke had in 1940 adopted a very restrictive building regulations and lists all worth protecting houses in a city map. In 1969 the National Museum a preservation plan for Svaneke out. The eastern outskirts of Svaneke of 1900 ( see map) has remained unchanged.

For the preservation of the historic character of the city Svaneke was honored in 1975 with the gold medal of the European Council.

The town is enlivened by a diverse cultural and artistic life of painters, potters, glassblowers, a brewery, herring smokehouse and candy factory ( Svaneke Bolcher ).

History

Svaneke probably already existed in the 12th century as a fishing village. 1555 Svaneke was established as one of the smallest market towns in Denmark. Its status as a merchant city, the city has strongly influenced how you can see the port and market in the area where merchants built large buildings. The city was visited frequently in the Middle Ages Hanseatic merchants, particularly at the time of fishing for herring from August to October. Along the coast, in the area of ​​Hullehavns, the merchants had set up their stalls and storage and living spaces. ( Signs at the site indicate these places yet. )

In order to bring more trade into the city, the port of Svaneke was expanded. Due to the large flood in 1872 ( many ships were wrecked on the rocky coast of Bornholm ) the port was so badly damaged that you almost had to completely rebuild it again. It was decided to expand the harbor so that there could now create larger steamships.

Johan Nicolai Madvig, born on August 7, 1804 in Svaneke, was appointed in 1873 because of his achievements as an honorary citizen of Svaneke. A year later, a bust of him was placed in the store guard in Svaneke. From 1848 to 1851 he was the Danish Minister of Culture from 1852 to 1853 and President of the Second Chamber of Parliament. Between 1855 and 1879 he was elected several times to the Rector of the University of Copenhagen.

The city had only smaller industrial installations, such as sawmills, breweries and tanneries. 1953, a fish factory was founded. Since 1750, has been brewed in Svaneke with a brief interruption beer. The current brewery, the Svaneke Bryghus, opened in 2000 as one of Denmark's first microbreweries.

The development of the railways of Bornholmske Jernbaner Svaneke did not participate, the city was no connection.

The Hallebrøndshøj (also Grisby Hallebrøndshøj ) is located west of Grisby at Svaneke and is a megalithic site.

Structures

The well-preserved half-timbered houses of the city are similar in their basic structures, the single-storey construction with semi - or half- hipped roof, half-timbered structures and a black tarred rock stone foundation, which compensates for the skew of the sloping city area. If the height difference is large enough, the house still has a basement room. The length of the houses is determined by the number of bins of the truss, each compartment a window, - and contains the front door - usually in the middle of the house. Big houses, like the one in the Kirkebakken No. 6 ( built in 1834 ), have 15 subjects, the small houses 5 subjects. For lining the pockets until the 19th century loam or clay bricks was used. The Verlehmung was women's work, which, about 6 to 7 inches thick, evenly customized the walls. The completion of the building was celebrated in two sections, the topping when the wood skeleton, and the Lehmfest when the Verlehmung was completed. The painting of the houses is typically yellow or the so-called " Red Bornholm ". With the restrictive building regulations of the city, the houses are largely preserved in its original form, only kept small dormers were allowed to make better use of the roof space.

The Svaneke Kirke - deleted the " Bornholm Red" - located on the outskirts, not far from the city center. In the cemetery surrounding the church a number of historic grave stones are visible. The church, a late Gothic building has, in comparison to the other churches of Bornholm an unusually pointed tower, which bears on the top of the emblem of Svaneke, a golden swan. The church was rebuilt several times over the past centuries. The oldest parts are estimated at the year 1300, 1569 Svaneke Kapel is first mentioned. The construction of the spire dates back to 1789. Even the old nave was demolished and replaced in 1837 by a long building. The attached church in the spaceship model is typical of Bornholm churches and shows the strong link between the population with the seafaring.

On the water side of the city, near the harbor, is the " fünfschlotige " smokehouse, the landmark of the city. Here lie the hills, the old defensive system of the city, on which guns are still positioned. Even the attacks of the English cities on the coast of the island ( as a result of the Battle of Copenhagen in 1801 ) they were not used. There is also a guard house, 1841, which served as a munitions store.

In the south of the city, near the Hullehavn, is the highly visible 18 -meter high lighthouse, which was built in 1918. The occasion was to give the vessels in poor visibility more guidance, since in the past along the rocky coast of Bornholm there were a number of shipwrecks. 2010, the operation of the lighthouse has been set and it was offered for sale.

In the northern district of the built of reinforced concrete cone-shaped water tower ( Svaneke Vandtårn ) dominates - a large sea mark the same - the townhouses. The futuristic building was created in 1952 by Danish architect Jorn Utzon.

In this area there are also two windmills, a windmill from 1634 and built in the Dutch style mill " Svanemoellen " of 1877.

Svaneke, Lighthouse

Svaneke, Vigehavn, in the background Svanemøllen and Water Tower

Svaneke, Water Tower

Svanemøllen

Svaneke, windmill

Development of the population and professional groups

The population development of Svaneke was detected for the first time in 1770, with around 600 inhabitants. By 1890, the population grew to around 1300 and then fell back steadily to 1067 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2012).

Development of professional groups in Svaneke in%: