Trimaran

A Trimaran is a boat or ship with three arranged in parallel, very narrow hulls. The center hull is the largest, the two lateral serve the overall stability.

As the catamaran has two hulls of the trimaran is one of the multihulls that are characterized by high speeds. Under trimarans sailboats today are usually the fastest boats ever and hold, for example, the records for the fastest circumnavigation of the world, crossing the Atlantic, etc.

Boats with more than three hulls ( Tetra Maran, Maran Penta ) are very rare.

• 3.1 trimarans with folding booms

General

The trimaran heard the catamaran to the multihulls which have the following advantages compared to monohull due to the omission of ballast:

In contrast, - especially larger - Multihull if they capsize, be raised serious again. Especially for trimarans is that once they are being rolled, usually only possible with the technical effort.

Use

Sportbootbau

Trimarans with cabin to about 9 meters in length provide more room in the cabin as a catamaran of equal length. For lengths beyond catamarans offer considerably more space. Sport boat trimarans are ( as of Aug. 2007 ) built in series up to 12 meters in length. Racing and Experimental trimaran designs are available in all sizes. Monohull offer, with the same length, more space in the cabin. Trimarans offer on the networks, which are stretched between the hulls, significantly more space on the ship as a monohull.

Many trimaran designs, in contrast to the catamaran retract the boom. This allows the trimaran be transported and geslippt on a trailer or Create space saving in the harbor.

There are experimental designs on trimaran with base in the water wings that can reach for a wind powered vehicle extremely high speeds through or over water. By using a negative pitching the windward wing and the aft wing and positive pitching of Lee Wing can only that is dependent on the speed of righting moment generated. However, the material and the resistance of the wind set limits.

High speed boat

Due to the large speed that can reach trimarans, they hold today (as of 2011 ) all important speed records of sailing boats. In the area of ​​short- distance records won by hydrofoil Hydroptère first time in 2007 a ​​trimaran the speed record over a mile (previously windsurfers ) and 2009 temporarily to record over 500 meters (previously windsurfing and kitesurfing ); only over the short distance of 500 meters succeeded the counted among the sailors kitesurfers to take the " sailing record " again (as of 2010 ); among sail boats, the trimaran, however, no competition.

Even for long-range, ie deep-sea records, especially trimarans are used now. Thus, the record for the fastest circumnavigation of the globe in 1997 went to a trimaran ( Sport-Elec by Olivier de Kersauson ) and from 2010 (2011 ) again ( Groupama 3, Franck Cammas ) for the first time. Under single-handed sailors steered Alain Colas in 1973 for the first time a trimaran ( Manureva ex -Pen Duick IV ) for Weltumsegelungsrekord, and since 2004 ( by Francis Joyon IDEC ), the respective best time was only of trimarans undercut (as of 2011 ).

Military use

While trimarans been found almost exclusively used in the sport of sailing, the British Royal Navy led from 2000 to 2004 tests with the Versuchstrimaran by Triton under the Future Surface Combatant - program. The Royal Navy planned to build new frigates in the trimaran design. The highlight of the test series was in 2001 the world's first landing of a helicopter aboard a trimaran. In 2005, the Ministry of Defence, however, decided to abandon the project for financial reasons. The Triton was then used in marine research. Since 2007 she has as a patrol boat for the Australian Customs in use.

The United States Navy tested since 2009 for its Littoral Combat Ship with the Independence - class a trimaran. The first unit of the class, USS Independence ( LCS -2) was placed in service in January 2010. For coastal defense duties in Mozambique three 43 meter long trimarans of the type of shipyard CMN are provided by Designs by Nigel Irens and Prolarge based on the Ocean Adventurer under the name Ocean Eagle.

Passenger ships

On the Great Brombachsee also the first passenger trimaran according to operator is used on an inland body of water in the passenger shipping for some years.

Ferries

The second largest after the Independence - class trimaran in the world is the 40.5 -knot ferry Benchijigua Express shipping company Fred. Olsen, SA. 126.7 The meter long and 30 meter wide high-speed ferry service between the Canary islands of Tenerife, La Gomera and La Palma. It offers 1,290 passengers and up to 340 cars. It was built by the Australian shipyard Austal.

Modifications

Trimarans in which the arms are moved forward, hot hydroplane; those in which the booms are moved rearward hot canard.

Trimarans with folding booms

Trimarans, which can create their outrigger to the hull will be built by some manufacturers. This construction allows the creation in normal port boxes for monohulls or simplifies transport to shore. It can be used at least 5 technical concepts:

• Trimax trimarans uses a folding mechanism.
• Astusboats employs a telescopic mechanism that connects the arm to the main body.
• Corsair Marine uses a vertical joint. This system was designed by Ian Farrier and patented in 1975 and first used by Trailertri and then from Corsair Marine and Ostac. Ian Farrier developed the Corsair Yachts F-27, F -28, F -24, F-24 MK II and F -31. As Farrier in 2000, left the company to found Farrier Marine, bought the rights to Corsair Marine Farriers F-24, F -28 and F -31 boats. At this point, trademarks and nautical emblems of Farriers "F- " to Corsairs "C " has been changed, and the boats were, C28 and C31 renamed C24.
• Farrier Marine uses the same vertical folding mechanism as Corsair Marine. The Farrier yachts are known as Fboats (F -82, F -36 etc ).
• The Finnish yacht builder Whisper also uses a vertical folding mechanism.
• The Danish yacht builders Quorning Boats uses for his Dragonfly trimarans an almost horizontal articulation called SwingWing. The slight angle allows the folding of the lower, narrower part of the main body and also increases the stability of the trimaran in folded condition. A similar horizontal articulation also uses the Seaon 96CRB. This system was first used by Ocean Bird trimaran designed by John Westell and built by Honnor Marine Ltd of Totnes.
• Telstar 28 utilizes a horizontal folding mechanism and, in addition, a simple system for the construction of the mast, in order to enable a simple transport trailer.

Others

A high-tech trimaran is in the movie Waterworld starring Kevin Costner as a backdrop for a long time and is seen in a variety of sailing and landing maneuvers.

The fastest trimaran in the world is currently the Hydroptère; they may be more than 100 km / h.

The Cloudia is an experimental trimaran with Flettner rotor.