17th-century French art
With the concept of classical Baroque (also Baroque Classicism, Baroque Classicism and French classicism ) is an alignment in the Baroque architecture described, which differs in its more severe and strict design the form of the usual, rather serene - moving variant of the Baroque.
- 2.1 Neoclassical Baroque France
- 2.2 Neoclassical Baroque England
- 2.3 Neoclassical Baroque in Northwest Europe
- 2.4 Habsburg Baroque
Temporal, spatial and stilkundliche classification
The neo-classical Baroque goes back in his approach to the theories of Leon Battista Alberti and Palladio. He used means of expression that are rooted in the reception of antiquity to the Renaissance, and became the basis of the later classicism, but it is time to separate from both clear and sets about a century earlier than the classicism in the proper sense of. This art form was formative especially for the architecture of England and France, and lasted from the second half of the 17th century to the mid 18th century, the transition from Baroque to Classicism happened fluently.
Stylistic devices
Typical design tool for building facades were designs that were taken directly from the Renaissance: the temple architecture borrowed triangular pediment, colonnade, as well as columns and pilasters in giant order - this also often in dual use. Also common were the frequent use of natural stone and the absence of colored plaster.
Although striking is the additive use of basic geometric shapes such as the square, the rectangle, the circle or the oval rare, but at the same time, the frequent absence of concave or convex swings in facades and floor plans, the other characteristic features of Baroque architecture. As a typical baroque mark - and thus, in contrast to later Classicism - on the other hand are often lush figure constructions jewelry of sculptures, decorative vases or trophies to find, even in the secular building is the pavilion system is still widespread.
Dissemination
Neoclassical Baroque France
The term Baroque is usually used in France for the baroque art in the rest of Europe, while the French version is there most often called classicism. Therefore, also the German name of French classicism derived. The architecture of the baroque in France initially leaned against on Italian models, but then evolved into a more severe variant on. The neo-classical Baroque was introduced under the reign of Louis XIV by François Mansart and remained until the beginning of the 19th century the foundations of French architecture.
The strict variant of the architectural style appeared as a suitable means of expression to embody the form of government of absolutism. Among the most famous architects of this period include Louis Le Vau, Claude Perrault and Jules Hardouin -Mansart. Among the most important and stylistic works of this period include the east wing of the Louvre, the Palace of Versailles, the Grand Trianon and the Invalides.
Gallery of Cotelles, Grand Trianon (1687-1688)
Neoclassical Baroque England
The Baroque in England evolved from the oriented to the Italian Renaissance Palladian. This derived from the works of Andrea Palladio's style was introduced at the beginning of the 17th century in England by Inigo Jones largely prototypically and coined the English architecture for two centuries. The transitions from Palladian to the special forms of the English Baroque happened almost imperceptibly. The sweeping Baroque by Roman models was rejected in England as too Catholic and therefore had little influence on the architecture, Dutch influences were added instead.
Among the most important architects of the English Baroque included Christopher Wren, John Vanbrugh, Nicholas Hawksmoor and William Talman. The sacred masterpiece of English Baroque is the Saint Paul 's Cathedral in London, the most important secular buildings include Blenheim Palace, Chatsworth House and Castle Howard.
Neoclassical Baroque in Northwest Europe
The classically -inspired baroque is common in the ( Protestant embossed ) western and northern Europe, but not exclusively limited to France and England. His pulse ranged among others in the Netherlands, Prussia and to Scandinavia. As examples of other buildings of the classical Baroque erected by English models New Palace in Potsdam or the Mauritshuis in The Hague can be called.
Hiller- Czech houses, Potsdam, Germany, 1769
The Mauritshuis in The Hague, Netherlands, 1633-1644
Habsburg Baroque
That a picture in the article is useful, you can, for example, recognize the fact that the article text refers thereto.
The whole Habsburg Empire includes a relatively homogeneous Baroque architecture whose expression is strongly classic, is closely based on French models, as with the Church of St. Charles in the style of short previously completed Invalides ( but this is covered by the Moorish patterns accessory of Turkish war time ) and the Leitbau Castle Palace of Versailles style. The Austrian- Habsburg Baroque thus differs significantly from the Spanish Baroque, from the War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714, after the extinction of the Spanish Habsburg line) with the Austrians to lose influence. In addition, through the commitment in northern Italy also gain strong Venetian - baroque forms of influence, but primarily affect the small-scale decoration, therefore acts against the French, the Austrian Baroque somewhat playful. In Austria they are called baroque classical expression Habsburg Baroque, accurate first Theresian and then Josefinischer baroque ( classical Rococo ), which is called in the Leitfarbgebung the Schönbrunn yellow also Schönbrunn Baroque, while about the Archbishopric of Salzburg to the classical music used purely Roman Baroque.
This large space that the architectural historian Henri Stierlin described as a baroque horn, extending from Central to Northern Italy, through southern and central Germany, the former Habsburg Empire and to Bohemia, Moravia and Poland introduced, thus comprises the following the Counter-Reformation again strongly Catholic area.
- Development of the Habsburg Baroque
Church of St. Charles, 1715-1737
Carmelite Church Wiener Neustadt, 1718
St. Nicholas in Bonn village in the Black Forest, 1725-1727
Barmherzigenkirche Graz, 1735-1740
Schönbrunn Palace, 1743-1749
Gardekirche Vienna, 1754-1763
Josephinum of Vienna, 1783-1785 ( turn to classicism )