Abundance of the chemical elements
The list of the frequencies of chemical elements is the relative frequency of individual chemical elements in various systems such as the whole universe, the earth, or the human body. The abundance of the elements differs widely depending on the considered system.
If the entire universe is considered to be the primordial nucleosynthesis caused by hydrogen is by far the most abundant element. This is followed by helium, which is also partly caused by primordial nucleosynthesis, but also arises in the course of hydrogen burning in stars. All other elements together make up only a small part of the existing matter in the universe. The frequencies follow this largely the reaction cycles of stellar nucleosynthesis. Thus, the elements formed in stars not directly lithium, boron and beryllium are rare, the following such as carbon and oxygen often. A common heavy element is iron, which is the endpoint of stellar nucleosynthesis. All heavier elements can be formed only by other astrophysical events such as novae and supernovae and are therefore rare. Another characteristic feature is the difference in frequency of elements with even and odd atomic number, which is related also with the nucleosynthesis via helium nuclei ( Harkin rule)
On Earth, the element frequency differs from that in the space. Thus, the dominant lightest elements in the universe are hydrogen and helium are rare, since they gaseous gravitationally coalesce only in much larger celestial bodies, the stars like the Sun and gas planets such as Jupiter. Instead, the most abundant elements oxygen, iron and silicon. There are on the earth large differences in the distribution. So there is a large part of the iron in Earth's core, while oxygen and silicon are mainly found in the earth's crust. Looking at other systems on Earth, such as the oceans or biological systems that are in turn altered abundances of the elements before.
The first systematic studies on the element frequency derived by Victor Moritz Goldschmidt, according to him means the graphical representation of the elemental abundances Goldschmidt diagram.
Legend
- Element: name of the element
- Symbol: element symbol of each element
- Atomic number atomic number of each element
- Mass: mass of each element in the unit u
- Frequency: Frequency of the element in the considered system in the specified units ( ppmw (ppm weight ) always refers to a mass ratio )
- Remarks: Notes on element frequency, about the distribution or creation
- Essential: the element essential for the human organism
Abundances in the solar system
85 elements (Z = 1 to 83, 90, 92 )
Frequencies on Earth
Mass fraction of elements in the earth's crust
Mass fraction of elements in the earth's crust
Mass fraction of elements in the oceans
94 elements ( z = 1-94 )
Especially as an addition to other ores
The composition of the human body ( 70 kg)
36 items