Dysprosium

{ syn. }

{ syn. }

0.06 %

{ syn. }

0.10%

{ syn. }

2.34%

18.91 %

25.51 %

24.90%

28.18 %

Attention

Dysprosium (from Greek δυσπρόσιτος " inaccessible ") is a chemical element with the atomic symbol Dy and atomic number 66 in the periodic table it is in the group of lanthanides and also making it one of the metals of the rare earths.

History

1886, the Frenchman P. E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran the isolation of dysprosium ( III ) oxide, holmium oxide from a sample that had been held up at this time for a single substance. Since the chemical properties of lanthanides are very similar and they always occur associated in nature, was also possible to distinguish only by very expensive methods of analysis. Its share of the earth's crust is given as 0.00042 weight percent. The starting materials are monazite and Bastnäsit.

Production and representation

After an extensive separation of the other Dysprosiumbegleiter the oxide is reacted with hydrogen fluoride for dysprosium. This is then reduced with calcium to form calcium fluoride to the metal dysprosium. The removal of residual calcium residues and other contaminants carried in an additional remelting in a vacuum. After distillation in a high vacuum leads to the high-purity dysprosium.

Properties

Dysprosium is a silver-gray heavy metal which is bendable and stretchable. From the rare earth metal, there are two modifications: At 1384 ° C, α - dysprosium ( hexagonal close- test) converts into β - dysprosium ( body-centered cubic ) order.

The metal is very ignoble and therefore very reactive. In air, it becomes covered with an oxide layer, in water it is slowly attacked under hydroxide in dilute acids it is dissolved to form hydrogen to form salts.

Use

Economic and technical importance of dysprosium are relatively low. So its output is estimated to be less than 100 tons per year. It is used in various alloys, special magnets and alloyed with lead as shielding in nuclear reactors. However, just in the use of permanent magnets as found be used in the generators of some types of wind turbines, has made these rare earth metals for rare commodity, also throttles the world's largest supplier of China its delivery, to increase its own value.

Other applications:

• Together with vanadium and other elements dysprosium is used for the production of laser materials.
• Dysprosium is used for the doping of calcium fluoride and calcium sulfate crystals on dosimeter.
• Terbium and dysprosiumhaltige alloys show a strong magnetostriction and are used in material testing.
• In neodymium-iron -boron magnets, it increases the coercivity, and extends the useful temperature range.
• Dysprosium oxide improves the dielectric behavior of barium titanate for capacitors.
• Mostly it is used because of its high Einfangquerschnittes for thermal neutrons for the production of control rods in nuclear technology.
• Dysprosium iodide improved the emission spectrum of metal halide lamps.
• Dysprosium -cadmium chalcogenides serve as an infrared source for the study of chemical reactions.

Compounds

• Dysprosium (III ) oxide, Dy2O3

• Dysprosium (III ) fluoride DyF3
• Dysprosium ( III) chloride DyCl3
• Dysprosium (III ) bromide DyBr3
• Dysprosium (III ) iodide DyI3

• Dysprosium ( III) sulphate Dy2 (SO4) 3