Achromobacter
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Achromobacter is a bacterial genus of the family of Alcaligenaceae, which belongs to the order Burkholderiales. They are gram- negative, rod-shaped bacteria. The catalase and oxidase test is positive. You are movable by peritrichous flagella and are found in soil and water.
Metabolism
The metabolism of Achromobacter is usually chemoorganotroph that use various types of organic compounds such as amino acids for its growth. However, some species, such as Achromobacter ruhlandii Wasserstoffoxidierer, one also speaks of methanogenic bacteria. You gain energy by the oxidation of hydrogen ( H2) with oxygen ( O2) to form water ( H2O). Since there are inorganic substances, they are among the facultative chemolithotrophic bacteria. You are not obligate lithotroph because, if the appropriate circumstances are given, can switch to chemo organic metabolism and use organic substrates for energy metabolism.
The types of Achromobacter are aerobic, they do not perform fermentation ( fermentation) by. Some species, such as Achromobacter denitrificans but can also exist under anaerobic conditions and then lead in the energy metabolism through denitrification. It also speaks of the nitrate respiration. Such bacteria reduce nitrogen oxides such as nitrate or nitrite under anaerobic conditions to molecular nitrogen (N2). In the closely related genus Alcaligenes are Nitratatmer encountered, for example the type Alcaligenes faecalis. This pathway is relatively widespread within the prokaryotes, some more examples are Thiobacillus denitrificans (Family Hydrogenophilaceae ), Paracoccus denitrificans the class alpha -proteobacteria, as well as some species of Pseudomonas, the gamma -proteobacteria.
System
The systematics of Achromobacter is under discussion, such as the type Achromonacter denitrificans by some authors as a subspecies ( subspecies ) of the species Achromobacter xylosoxidans is performed ( ac xylosoxidans subsp. Denitrificans ). According to J. P. Euzéby The following types to the genus Achromobacter:
- Achromobacter denitrificans ( Rüger and Tan 1983) Coenye et al. 2003
- Achromobacter insolitus Coenye et al. 2003
- Achromobacter piechaudii ( Kiredjian et al. 1986) Yabuuchi et al. 1998
- Achromobacter ruhlandii ( Packer & Vishniac 1955) Yabuuchi et al. 1998
- Achromobacter spanius Coenye et al. 2003
- Achromobacter xylosoxidans (ex Yabuuchi and Ohyama 1971) Yabuuchi & Yano 1981