Adonis aestivalis
Summer pheasant's eye (Adonis aestivalis )
The summer pheasant's eye (Adonis aestivalis ), also blood eye, blood droplet, blood droplet summer or Little Devil eye called, is a species of the genus Adonis (Adonis ) in the family of the buttercup family ( Ranunculaceae ). On the rotblütige variant of Summer Adonisröschens the generic name Adonis (Adonis ) applies, see the genus articles. The summer pheasant's eye was chosen as the flower of the year 1984.
- 8.1 Literature
- 8.2 Notes and references
Description
Appearance and foliage leaf
The summer pheasant's eye grows as annual herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth from 20 to 50 (up to 100 ) centimeters. It is formed a taproot. The sparse at the base of fluffy hairy stems are branched or unbranched.
The alternate arranged on the stem, often concentrated in its upper portion leaves are long stalked up more or less sessile. The leaf blade has a length of about 3.5 centimeters at the lowest fan leaves, up to 6 centimeters at the top fan leaves and is two to three times pinnatisect. The leaf surface is sparsely hairy fluffy on both sides bald or on the underside of leaves. At the top fan leaves the leaf blades are simple and linear to lanceolate - linear with a width of 0.4 to 0.8 mm.
Flower
The terminal and solitary, hermaphroditic, radial symmetry flowers have a diameter of 1.5 to 3.5 cm. The pressed against the petals standing five sepals membranous, narrowly rhombic to narrowly ovate or broadly obovate and have two thirds of the length of the petals. Six to eight, more or less upright, more or less flat petals have a length of 10 to 17 mm. The color of the petals is very variable: from bright purple to vermilion or rarely orange to pale yellow also, at its base, often with dark to black spot. There are about 30 stamens with purple - black at first, later olive anthers available. The 30 to 40 free carpels are narrow ovate.
Fruit
The long -stalked, 20-30 mm long 7-10 mm wide, cylindrical collecting fruit significantly overpowers the leaves and contains densely packed 30 to 40 nutlets. The bare nutlets are 4-6 mm long, ovate and have a upright 1.5 to 2 mm long beak.
Ecology
The summer pheasant's eye is a sommerannueller Therophyt. The flowering period extends from May to June. Self-pollination is successful.
Occurrence
The summer pheasant's eye is found in Western, Central, Southern and Eastern Europe, North Africa, from Asia Minor to central Asia and northwestern Himalayas. It is a moderate continental to eastern submediterranes Florenelement.
In Germany the summer adonis occurs since the Middle Bronze Age as on cereal weeds. She used often, but by controlling weeds and intensive cultivation of the fields she has fallen sharply.
In Germany Adonis aestivalis occurs only in the central region scattered to widespread before, moreover, it is very rare or absent. In Austria and Switzerland it is rare and locally as high risk.
Most settled this lime-loving kind of field margins. The summer adonis preferred summer warm, mostly dry, nutrient - and lime-rich, mostly rocky clay and clay soils. Its roots can be up to 80 inches deep reach into the earth.
System
Adonis aestivalis was first published in 1762 Plantarum in the second edition of the Species by Carl Linnaeus.
Medical significance and Toxic Effects
Pharmacologically very interesting ingredients are: Strophanthin Adonitoxin, Vernadigin, and the cymarin - strophanthidin. It involves very cardioactive cardenolides, ie cardiac glycosides.
Because of these ingredients, many horses have already died, who had eaten the plant.
Common names
Also the following designations are for the summer pheasant's eye, or were, in part, only regionally, use: Ackerröslein (Tübingen), Adonis, Adonisröslein, Blutströpfle ( Bern, Graubünden, Toggenburg ), Brown girl (Silesia ), brunette, Brunetröslein, Düwelsoooge ( lower Weser ), Feldanemone, Feldröslein, Feuerrösel (Silesia ), Fewerröslein, Fuerooge ( Ostfriesland), Hadderbleam ( Transylvania in Sighisoara ), wäld Kokeschbleamen ( Transylvania), Kooltje finir ( Ostfriesland), Korallenblümlein (Ulm), Brown Mäpehl, Margenblümlin (Silesia ), Margenrösel (Silesia ), Marie florets (Württemberg ), Marie Roeslin (Silesia, Swabia ), Negenknei (Göttingen), Pink Chamomile (Silesia ), Red Chamomile, Black Brown Girls ( Hesse) and Devil eye ( Thuringia, Bern ).
Pictures
Summer pheasant's eye (Adonis aestivalis ):
Yellow Flowering variant.
Adonis aestivalis var citrinus
Berlin stamp of 1980.