Agathis dammara

Inventory of Agathis dammara in the Indonesian province of West Java

Agathis dammara is a plant of the family (Araucariaceae ). It is native to Indonesia and the Philippines, and possibly also in Vietnam and New Guinea.

Description

Agathis dammara grows as a evergreen tree that can reach heights of growth of up to 60 meters and diameter at breast height of up to 1.8 meters. Full-grown trees have a long, unbeasteten strain which ends from large, stiff branches in a tall, wide crown. The finely gewarzte or slightly scaly and with numerous resin blisters provided to rough and flaking Stammborke is colored gray over red-gray and light brown to black. In the bark epiphytes can grow.

The nearly constant against arranged on the branches, thick and leathery leaves are light to dark green. The leaves of young trees are lancet- shaped, with a length 7-13 centimeters and a width of 3 to 3.5 centimeters and have a pointed tip. Mature trees have leaves that are oblong oval in shape with a length of 4-8 cm and a width of 1.5 to 3 centimeters and have a rounded tip. Both old and young trees the leaves are, however, very variable and it can on the same tree variety of leaf shapes and colorations occur.

The single constant male cones are a strong stem and are initially cylindrical in shape with a length from 1.2 to 2 centimeters and a thickness of 0.6 to 0.8 centimeters. In its heyday, they are dark brown in color and are 3 to 4 inches long and about 1 inch thick. The spherical to ovoid female cones, 5.5 to 12 inches long and 5 to 7.8 inches thick. They consist of approximately triangular shaped cone scales. The ovoid grains are up to 1.5 inches long. They have two wings, the wing is extended up to 1.3 inches long.

Distribution and location

The natural range of Agathis dammara includes parts of Indonesia and the Philippines, and possibly also some sites in Vietnam and on the island of New Guinea. In Indonesia, the species occurs in Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra, and the Moluccas. The reports of occurrence in Vietnam and in New Guinea could be due to possible confusion with other species of the genus Agathis.

Agathis dammara thrives at altitudes of 200 to 2500 meters. This species grows in rain forests, especially on shallow, rocky soils that developed on limestone and on podsolisierten sandy soils. Mixed stands are formed mainly with beech and wing fruit plants.

Agathis dammara is classified in the IUCN Red List as "vulnerable". The main hazard reasons the overuse of resources for the production of wood and resin and the destruction of natural habitat are called. In the Philippines, it is forbidden Agathis dammara to make, but it always comes back to illegal felling. The total herd is declining.

Use

The high-quality wood of Agathis dammara used. In the past, Copal from the trees was obtained. Plantations were applied to recently.

System

Agathis dammara is allocated within the genus of kauri trees ( Agathis ) of section Agathis.

The first description was in 1803 by dammara than Pinus Aylmer Bourke Lambert in A Description of the genus Pinus, Volume 1, page 61 Louis Claude Marie Richard and Achille Richard convicted in 1826 in the way Commentatio botanica de Conifereis et Cycadeis, page 83 as Agathis dammara in the genus Agathis. Synonyms for Agathis dammara ( Lamb. ) Rich. & A.Rich. are Agathis alba Jeffrey, Agathis celebica Warburg, Agathis loranthifolia Salisb. and Dammara alba Rumph. ex Hassk ..

Swell

• Christopher J. Earle: Agathis dammara. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed on 17 January 2014 ( English).