Al-Nas
As mu ʿ awwidhatan (Arabic المعوذتان, al -Mu ʿ DMG awwiḏatān, the two suras of refuge - seeking ( against evil ) ') are called in Islam the last two surahs of the Qur'an. They both begin with the phrase " Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of ... before ." They are most often recited to get especially bad through them protection, such as the evil eye. Instead of the dual enters the feminine plural mu ʿ awwidhāt among others particularly in the hadith collection of Bukhari on.
- 3.1 Arabic verses, transcription, translation
- 3.2 interpretation 3.2.1 Verse 1
- 3.2.2 Verse 2
- 3.2.3 Verse 3
- 3.2.4 Verse 4
- 3.2.5 Verse 5
- 3.2.6 Verse 6
Revelation and recitation
Your Offenbarungsort is controversial in exegesis, as are, inter alia, al -Hasan al - Basri († 728 ) that they were revealed in Mecca, Ibn Abbas († 688 ) and Qatada ibn ʿ di Ama († 735 ), however, argue in favor of Medina.
For reason of its revelation can be found in the traditions of different stories; one of the best known is as follows: When the Prophet Muhammad was very ill one day, two angels came to him and reported that he had been enchanted by Labid, a Jew from Medina. They had acted against its magic and the next morning Mohammed had the revelation of the surahs al - Falaq and an- Nas get in order to protect themselves against future bad can.
Ibn Mas ʿ ud had in his copy of the Koran suras al - Falaq and an- Nas not included because it did not count for the revelation of the Koran, but as supplication. He disagreed with the consensus of the Companions of the Prophet and his family. According to another opinion he had of her, because he believed that he would not forget them, since the recording of the Koran text only served as a reminder in the early period. He did the same with the Surat al- Fatiha. He recited the mu ʿ not awwidhatan.
In a tradition after ʿ Uqba ibn ʿ Amir Muhammad is said to have recommended this to recite the two suras, saying: " You will not be able to recite what would be pleasing to God than, Say: I seek the Lord the morning light refuge " and Sag: I seek refuge with the Lord of the people ' " [Note. 1] Even before bedtime Mohammed used the mu ʿ awwidhatan to recite.
Sura 113 - Al- Falaq
Al- Falaq (Arabic الفلق, DMG al - Falaq, The Early Light ') is the 113th sura of the Qur'an. It consists of five verses.
Arabic verses, transcription, translation
Interpretation
Verse 1
"Say ," speaks to the Prophet Muhammad, say the following.
The word al - Falaq is interpreted differently in the Koran exegesis, because it literally is a term that has to do with " columns". The majority of exegetes, the concept of the morning, others speak of hell, or even the whole creation.
Verse 2
Here is everything bad either generally meant the devil and his progeny, or hell.
Verse 3
As with al - Falaq it is also for the third verse partially widely divergent views. The prevailing interpretation includes the "first darkness of the night, when it enters ." According to other commentators, the setting sun is meant the moon, away, or the snake if it bites.
Verse 4
Here reference is made to an ancient Arab practice, to have been charmed by the people in order to harm them. For this purpose, use was made of a cord, made a knot in it and blew it when pronouncing the spell.
Verse 5
The envious person is explicitly named because the object of his jealousy is that the good is removed from a human to zuzukommen him.
Sura 114 - to - Nas
An- Nas (Arabic الناس, DMG to - Nas, The People ') is the 114th and last sura of the Koran. It includes six verses.
Arabic verses, transcription, translation
Interpretation
Verse 1
Here Mohammed is addressed directly to say the following. God has, in the verse, look at the divine rule refuge and protection feature, as he summarizes with this powerful feature everything that falls under his possession.
Verse 2
With the description of the reign of God as king is enhanced by it moves over the kings of the people and be more right worshiped, but to be feared, as this makes clear. Only with him can you seek protection, not with the kings or powerful of this world.
Verse 3
This verse describes God as the should be praying and calls the people who do not, downright to whose worship on. He points out that God may have the better right to be worshiped, as something or someone else.
Verse 4
The insinuation is called according to the general opinion of Koranexegeten the devil Iblis, or one of his sons, who wants to ask for the worse, as he announced it loud Sura 15:39:
" Iblees said: 'Lord! Therefore, that you have misled me, I shall make it appear to them in the most beautiful light ( what ) ( are enjoying ) on earth and let it wander all. ' "
The term al - Channa ( الخناس / al - Annas ), which is used in relation to the devil as a description and Paret translated as " insidious guy " refers to a movement of drawing back. This raises the Whisper is a recurring situation with which the person is facing. In a hadith by Ibn Abbas, the At- Tabari mentions in his Tafsir, it says: "The devil sitting on the heart of the son of Adam (ie human ). Forgets this, or is careless, he whispered to him, and if he remembers God, it recedes. "
Verse 5
After a few Koranexegeten the word An- Nas does not only refer to the people, but also to the jinn. It obtains the importance of a group of people. So, as the jinn are referred to as " men " in verse 72:6, they are given the name "An- Nas " Thus, the devil can not only humans, but also the other jinn evil whisper.
Verse 6
Another way to interpret that verse 6 explanatory refers to the whisperings of verse 5. This results in the following meaning: "Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of the people [ ... ] from the evil of the whisperings that comes from the people and from the jinn. " This is in line with a tradition to Abu Dharr Al- Ghifari, the al - Qurtubi († 1272 ) mentions in his Tafsir, when he said to a man: "Have you taken refuge with Allah from the devils of men? " the man said: "Is there among the people devil? " Abu Dharr replied "Yes, by God's statement: we have for every prophet ( some ) enemies determined. , the satans of men and jinn ' " (Sura 6:112 )