Aloe

Aloe hereroensis at Rivier Auob in Namibia

The aloes (Aloe ) are a genus of the subfamily Asphodelus ( Asphodeloideae ). The genus includes about 500 species.

4.1 Literature
4.2 Notes and references
4.3 first descriptions since 2009

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Aloe species are perennial, succulent leaves plants. They grow stemless, shrubby or tree structure. The trunk can be simple or branched. Your comprehensive stalk leaves are arranged in rosettes, double-spaced or arranged scattered around the stem axis.

The shape of the leaves is more or less triangular, lanceolate or falcate and sometimes usually linear. The leaf margin is usually provided with soft or sharp, triangular teeth that are crowded densely usually near the Spreitengrund. The single colored or covered with whitish or pale green spots surface of the leaves is glabrous or sometimes covered with short spines. The leaves are rarely fibrous. In case of violation of the leaves usually occurs from a bitter yellow or brown juice.

Inflorescences and flowers

The usually more or less upright inflorescence appears laterally, is simple or branched and consists of cylindrical or capitate, racemose partial inflorescences, with sometimes einseitswendigen flowers. The zygomorphic flowers are stalked and provided with bracts. They are rarely sitting. To fruit maturity of the flower stalk is often lengthened. The base of the flower is rounded, truncate or narrowed. The usually red or yellow, rarely white, bald, hairy fluff rarely flowers are cylindrical at the base, are then usually triangular. They are slightly laterally compressed, and usually bent. The flowers are vormännlich. The three outer tepals are usually fused at the base on the edge, the tips are free standing. The inner three tepals are at the edges mostly detached, but move upward ( dorsal) connected to the outer corolla tube. There are six stamens present. The anthers are some outstanding or usually protrude beyond the perianth to 1 to 6 millimeters. The simple style has a kopfige scar.

Fruit and seeds

The fruits are usually capsules or sometimes berries. They contain angular or flattened, black or brown seeds with mostly narrow, membranous wings.

Seeds of three Aloearten

Genetics

The basic chromosome number is x = 7

Systematics and distribution

The genus Aloe is distributed mainly in southern and eastern Africa and offshore islands such as Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands and the southwest of the Arabian Peninsula. Three species (Aloe buettneri, Aloe macrocarpa and Aloe schweinfurthii ) are found in West Africa.

The first scientific description was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus. The following species and hybrids belonging to the genus Aloe:

Aageodonta Aloe
Abyssicola Aloe
Aloe aculeata
Acutissima Aloe Aloe acutissima var acutissima
Aloe acutissima var antanimorensis
Aloe acutissima var fiherenensis
Aloe acutissima var isaloana
Acutissima Aloe var itampolensis
Aloe acutissima var itampoloana [N 1]

Aloe andongensis var andongensis
Aloe andongensis var repens

Aloe antandroi subsp. antandroi
Aloe antandroi subsp. toliarana [ N 2]

Aloe arborescens subsp. arborescens
Aloe arborescens subsp. mzimnyati

Aloe babatiensis
Aloe bakeri
Aloe ballii Aloe ballii var ballii
Aloe ballii var makurupiniensis

Aloe boylei subsp. boylei
Aloe boylei subsp. major

Aloe brevifolia var brevifolia
Aloe brevifolia var depressa
Aloe brevifolia var postgenita

Aloe broomii var broomii
Aloe broomii var tarkaensis

Aloe bulbillifera var bulbillifera
Aloe bulbillifera var paulianae

Aloe calcairophila
Aloe calidophila
Aloe cameronii Aloe cameronii var cameronii
Aloe cameronii var bondana
Aloe cameronii var dedzana

Aloe capitata var capitata
Aloe capitata var angavoana [N 8]
Aloe capitata var cipolinicola
Aloe capitata var gneissicola
Aloe capitata var quartziticola
Aloe capitata var silvicola

Aloe chabaudii var chabaudii
Aloe chabaudii var mlanjeana
Aloe verekeri chabaudii var

Aloe chortolirioides var chortolirioides
Aloe chortolirioides var woolliana

Aloe ciliaris ciliaris var
Aloe ciliaris var redacta
Aloe ciliaris var tidmarshii

Aloe compressa var compressa
Aloe compressa var paucituberculata
Aloe compressa var rugosquamosa
Aloe compressa var schistophila

Dabenorisana Aloe
Aloe darainensis [N 10]
Aloe dawei
Aloe debrana
Aloe decaryi
Aloe decorsei
Aloe decumbens
Aloe decurva
Aloe deinacantha
Aloe delphinensis
Aloe deltoideodonta Aloe deltoideodonta subsp. deltoideodonta
Aloe deltoideodonta subsp. amboahangyensis [N 11]
Aloe deltoideodonta subsp. brevifolia
Aloe deltoideodonta subsp. candicans
Aloe deltoideodonta subsp. esomonyensis [N 12]
Aloe deltoideodonta subsp. fallax

Aloe descoingsii subsp. descoingsii
Aloe descoingsii subsp. augustina

Aloe divaricata var divaricata
Aloe divaricata var rosea

Aloe ecklonis
Aloe edouardii
Aloe elata
Aloe elegans
Aloe elegantissima
Aloe elgonica
Aloe elkerriana
Aloe ellenbeckii
Aloe eminens
Eremophila Aloe
Erensii Aloe
Aloe ericahenriettae
Aloe ericetorum
Aloe erinacea
Erythrophylla Aloe Aloe erythrophylla subsp. erythrophylla
Aloe erythrophylla subsp. major [ N 3 ]

Aloe excelsa var excelsa
Aloe excelsa var breviflora

Aloe falcata
Aloe ferox
Aloe fibrosa
Aloe fievetii Aloe fievetii var fievetii
Aloe fievetii var ambatofinandrahanensis [N 13]

Aloe gariepensis
Gerstneri Aloe
Aloe ghibensis [N 4]
Gilbertii Aloe Aloe gilbertii subsp. gilbertii
Aloe gilbertii subsp. megalacanthoides

Aloe glauca var glauca
Aloe glauca var spinosior

Aloe greatheadii var greatheadii
Aloe greatheadii var davyana

Aloe haemanthifolia
Aloe haggeherensis
Aloe Hahnii [N 15]
Aloe hardyi
Aloe harlana
Aloe haworthioides Aloe haworthioides var haworthioides
Aloe haworthioides var aurantiaca

Aloe hazeliana var hazeliana
Aloe hazeliana var howmanii

Aloe ibitiensis
Aloe ifanadianae
Aloe ikiorum [N 17]
Aloe imalotensis Aloe imalotensis var imalotensis
Aloe imalotensis var longeracemosa

Aloe inyangensis var inyangensis
Aloe kimberleyana inyangensis var

Aloe jacksonii
Jawiyon Aloe
Aloe jibisana
Aloe locust
Aloe locust - bernardii
Aloe locust - philippei [N 18]
Aloe jucunda
Aloe juddii
Aloe juvenna

Aloe kahinii
Aloe kamnelii [ N 19 ]
Aloe kaokoensis
Aloe karasbergensis Aloe karasbergensis subsp. karasbergensis
Aloe karasbergensis subsp. hunsbergensis [ N 20 ]

Aloe krapohliana var krapohliana
Aloe krapohliana var dumoulinii

Aloe labworana
Aloe laeta Aloe laeta var laeta
Aloe laeta var maniaensis

Aloe lateritia var lateritia
Aloe graminicola var lateritia

Aloe lineata lineata var
Aloe lineata var muirii

Aloe macleayi
Aloe macra
Aloe macrocarpa
Aloe macroclada
Aloe macrosiphon
Aloe maculata Aloe maculata subsp. maculata
Aloe maculata subsp. ficksburgensis [ N 22 ]

Aloe madecassa var madecassa
Aloe madecassa var lutea

Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii
Aloe marlothii subsp. orientalis

Aloe megalacantha subsp. megalacantha
Aloe megalacantha subsp. alticola

Aloe menyharthii subsp. menyharthii
Aloe menyharthii subsp. ensifolia

Aloe minima var minima
Aloe blyderivierensis minima var

Aloe mitriformis subsp. mitriformis
Aloe mitriformis subsp. distans
Aloe mitriformis subsp. comptonii

Aloe namibensis
Aloe namorokaensis
Aloe neilcrouchii [ N 28 ]
Aloe neoqaharensis
Aloe neosteudneri
Aloe newtonii [ N 29 ]
Aloe ngongensis
Aloe nicholsii [ N 30 ]
Aloe niebuhriana
Aloe nubigena
Aloe nugalensis
Aloe nuttii
Aloe nyeriensis

Aloe occidentalis
Aloe officinalis
Aloe oligophylla
Aloe omavandae
Aloe Omoana
Aloe orientalis
Aloe orlandi
Aloe ortholopha
Aloe otallensis

Aloe pachydactylos
Aloe pachygaster
Aloe palmiformis
Aloe parallelifolia
Aloe parvibracteata
Aloe parvicapsula
Aloe parvicoma
Aloe parvidens
Aloe parviflora
Aloe parvula
Aloe patersonii
Aloe pavelkae
Aloe pearsonii
Aloe peckii
Aloe peglerae
Aloe pembana
Aloe pendens
Aloe penduliflora
Aloe percrassa
Aloe perdita [ N 31 ]
Aloe perrieri
Aloe perryi
Aloe petricola
Aloe petrophila
Aloe peyrierasii
Aloe philippei
Aloe pictifolia
Aloe pienaarii
Aloe pillansii
Aloe pirottae
Aloe plicatilis
Aloe plowesii
Aloe pluridens
Aloe polyphylla
Aloe porphyrostachys
Aloe powysiorum
Aloe praetermissa
Aloe pratensis
Aloe pretoriensis
Aloe prinslooi
Aloe procera
Aloe pronkii
Aloe prostrata
Aloe pruinosa
Aloe pseudoparvula
Aloe pseudorubroviolacea
Aloe pubescens
Aloe pulcherrima
Aloe purpurea
Aloe pustuligemma

Aloe rabaiensis
Aloe ramosissima
Aloe rapanarivoi [ N 32 ]
Aloe rauhii
Aloe rebmannii
Aloe reitzii Aloe reitzii var reitzii
Aloe reitzii var vernalis

Aloe sabaea
Aloe sakarahensis Aloe sakarahensis subsp. sakarahensis
Aloe sakarahensis subsp. pallida

Aloe secundiflora var secundiflora
Aloe secundiflora var sobolifera

Aloe striatula var striatula
Aloe striatula var caesia

Aloe tartarensis
Aloe tauri
Aloe tegetiformis [N 36 ]
Aloe teissieri
Aloe tenuior Aloe tenuior var tenuior
Aloe tenuior var viridifolia

Aloe trachyticola var trachyticola
Aloe trachyticola var mutifolia

Aloe trichosantha subsp. trichosantha
Aloe trichosantha subsp. longiflora

Aloe ukambensis
Aloe umfoloziensis

Aloe vacillans
Aloe vallaris
Aloe vanbalenii
Aloe vanrooyenii
Aloe vaombe Aloe vaombe var vaombe
Aloe vaombe var poissonii

Aloe Volkensii subsp. Volkensii
Aloe Volkensii subsp. multicaulis

Aloe wanalensis [N 7]
Aloe welmelensis [N 4]
Aloe weloensis [N 4]
Werneri Aloe
Aloe whitcombei
Aloe wickensii
Aloe wildii
Aloe wilsonii
Aloe wollastonii
Aloe woodii
Aloe wrefordii

Aloe yavellana
Aloe yemenica

Aloe zakamisyi
Aloe zebrina

Based on recent phylogenetic studies suggested Olwen Megan Grace and staff in early 2013 before several taxonomic changes. The species of the genus Chortolirion be included in the genus Aloe, Aloe plicatilis is in the monotypic genus Kumara Medik. (1786 ) remanded. The authors propose two new genera before: Aloidendron ( A.Berger ) Klopper & Gideon F.Sm.. Aloiampelos and Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. In the new genus Aloidendron six tree-shaped aloes are classified: Aloe barberae, Aloe dichotoma, Aloe eminens, aloe pillansii, Aloe ramosissima Aloe and tongaensis. The new genus Aloiampelos includes seven main climbing aloes Aloe ciliaris Aloe commixta, Aloe decumbens, Aloe gracilis, aloe juddii, aloe and aloe striatula tenuior.

The following hybrids within the genus Aloe ( infrageneric hybrids) are known:

Abhaica Aloe × Aloe Aloe pseudorubroviolacea × edentata
Aloe anosyana × [ N 38 ] Aloe Aloe vaotsohy × helenae
Aloe buzairiensis × [ N 39 ] Aloe Aloe squarrosa perryi ×
Aloe × imerinensis Aloe capitata Aloe × macroclada
Aloe × keayi Aloe Aloe schweinfurthii buettneri ×
Aloe × quharensis Aloe Aloe fleurentiniorum woodii ×

Several species of genus Aloe are involved in intergeneric hybrids ( intergeneric hybrids):

× Algastoloba D.M.Cumming Aloe = × × Astroloba Gasteria
× Alolirion G.D.Rowley = Aloe × Chortolirion
× Aloloba G.D.Rowley = Aloe × Astroloba
× Alworthia G.D.Rowley = Aloe × Haworthia
× Bayerara D.M.Cumming Aloe = × × Gasteria Haworthia
× Gasteraloe Guillaumin = Aloe × Gasteria

Synonyms of the genus are Kumara Medik. (1786 ), Lomatophyllum Willd. (1811 ), Rhipidodendrum Spreng. (1811 ), Phylloma Ker Gawl. (1813 ), Rhipidodendrum Willd. (1817, nom. Inval. ICBN article 61.1 ), Pachidendron Haw. (1821 ), Bowiea Haw. (1827, noun rejectum ) Pachidendron Dumort. (1829, nom. Inval. ICBN article 61.1 ), Agriodendron Endl. (1836 ), Succosaria Raf. (1840 ), Ariodendron Meisn. (1842 ), Busipho Salisb. (1866 ), Ptyas Salisb. (1866 ), Chamaealoe A.Berger (1905 ), × Lomataloe Guillaumin (1931 ), Leptaloe Stapf (1933 ), Guillauminia A.Bertrand (1956) and Lemeea PVHeath (1993).

Endangering

With the exception of Aloe vera Aloe all species were included in the Annex II of the CITES Convention. In addition, protected by the inclusion in Annex I are Aloe albida, Aloe albiflora, aloe alfredii, Aloe bakeri, aloe bellatula, aloe calcairophila, Aloe compressa (including Aloe compressa var paucituberculata, Aloe compressa var rugosquamosa and Aloe compressa var schistophila ), aloe delphinensis, aloe descoingsii, Aloe fragilis Aloe haworthioides (including Aloe haworthioides var aurantiaca ), Aloe helenae, Aloe laeta (including Aloe laeta var maniaensis ), Aloe parallelifolia, Aloe parvula, aloe pillansii, Aloe polyphylla, aloe rauhii, aloe suzannae, Aloe Aloe versicolor and Vossii.

Evidence

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