Anne Catherine Emmerich
Anna Katharina Emmerich (c. 8 September 1774 Coesfeld, † February 9, 1824 in Dülmen, Westfalen) was a nun ( in the Augustinian order ) and mystic. In 2004 she was beatified by Pope John Paul II. Your feast day is February 9.
Life
Anna Katharina Emmerich (also: Emmerich ) was born in the Coesfelder peasantry Flamschen as the child of poor people Kötter. When her birthday applies September 8, 1774, but this is the day of the entry in the baptismal register of St. Jakobi ( Coesfeld ), which is even mentioned in a Taufbescheinigung due to a transmission error September 30, 1774. The actual birthday, however, is unknown, but is expected to lie close to this day.
Even as a child she had a close relationship to the church and good biblical knowledge. Several times a week she went to communion and prayers, she also mentioned that time already visions and revelations. The school she attended only four months. At age 13, she worked as a maid. First, they completed an apprenticeship as a seamstress and worked in the area of Coesfeld. When offered an advantageous marriage, she revealed her horrified parents that they intend to enter the convent. After her parents had still, albeit reluctantly, agreed, she entered the Augustinian monastery in Dülmen and was the habit on November 13, 1802 as a novice. On November 13, 1803 made her solemn profession.
During her time in the convent, she was often ill and suffered great pain. When the monastery was abolished in the course of secularization in December 1811 Anna Katharina ran the household of the priest who emigrated from France Lambert. Soon, however, she was so ill that she could not leave the house. On her body the stigmata of Jesus Christ appeared, and in the next twelve years she had mystical visions in which she suffered the Passion of Christ every Friday. During this time, she saw in her visions events from the biblical creation and salvation history. This attracted the attention of religious people, but also state and church authorities. The Prussian state launched investigations, an attempt was made in which to expose Anna Katharina Emmerich as an impostor. However, the evidence of the fraud allegation could not be provided.
The state's investigation of the case Emmerich
However, the judge assigned to the government investigation of the case Emmerich Dr. Clemens Maria Franz von Bonninghausen came to the conclusion that the stigmata of the nun had been taught by mechanical means and not of supernatural origin. Moreover, these phenomena had never occurred during the study periods.
" After those listed here for reasons I am of the subjective belief whose objective justification of course now not strict may be due to the entirely disappeared bleeding and crusting at the Maalteilen more prove that the maid ACE
The Commission also that belonging to Prof. Franz von Druffel wrote that the wounds came neither from a " aufätzenden means, nor by suction through blood worms. " (Fv Druffel 1820 :) Though he came from a natural cause, but also saw no evidence of a scam, because the patient neither the medium nor delay directly profit from their disease.
Decided sharply reacted Professor Bernard Bodde, in his medical officer and chemist who attacked the side of the church authorities for their handling of this case.
The last years of Anne Catherine Emmerich
Between 1819 and 1824 the writer Clemens Brentano held permanently in Dülmen, visited the sick and very weak become nun regularly and asked her questions about her visions. The results of these surveys, which were conducted by an interest in Brentano's possible a coherent representation of the biblical story, he wrote down in extensive records, which he worked out later books.
Anne Catherine Emmerich was buried in the new cemetery on the outskirts of the city Dülmen. Her estate was spotted and sorted by Luise Hensel.
Upon recovery of the beatification process, their bones were reburied in 1975 in the crypt of the 1938 built near the cemetery of the Holy Cross Church.
In 2010, in the church of St. Pancras randomly found in Buldern in preparing a ceremony with a relic of St. Pancras a mummified hand woman, suspected of in church circles, they came from Emmerich. Luise Hensel could at a first exhumation of the corpse, which she describes in her diary, have taken part in this hand. The authenticity of these possible relic has not been confirmed.
Clemens Brentano Emmerich fonts
In his extensive records Brentano mixed the statements Anna Katharina Emmericks with their own additions and refinements, which makes it impossible to evaluate the accuracy of the records in terms of documentary reproduction of emmerickschen visions concluded. As a result he wrote the four works, the bitter sufferings of our Lord Jesus Christ, the life of St.. Virgin Mary, Jesus' life as well as an unfinished biography of Anne Catherine Emmerich.
The discovery of these edits were made, among others, by Winfried Hümpfner, Hermann Cardauns and Joseph Adam, has resulted in the assessment of Brentano Emmerich - books in different understandings. Part is simply omitted that he and Anna Katharina Emmerich is not the author of the books is partly the works as the other literary writings of the author are treated as part of his work and examined by literary point of view.
The reports of the visions of Emmerich which are preserved only in playback Brentano, partly awakened faith, here lies a new revelation before, some of these reports were - within the Catholic Church, but also of Brentano's closest friends and relatives - from the beginning to doubt. In question here is mainly the credibility of reproductions of Brentano, who has proven his reports compared with other legends and historical sources.
Because of Brentano's playing the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich in his book The Life of St.. Virgin Mary made excavations on a hill near Ephesus, and there discovered the so-called house of Mary.
Beatification
A first process for the beatification Anna Katharina Emmericks was initiated in 1892 and 1928, first set after it had turned out that Clemens Brentano's books and records were not recyclable. The process of beatification was opened in 1973 and completed in 2004. On 3 October 2004, she was beatified by Pope John Paul II. The competent Commission stated that the beatification concerns only the sanctity of the person Emmerich and give no opinion about the veracity of the books of Clemens Brentano. Since the day of the beatification, a relic Anna Katharina Emmericks is the Holy See.
Memorial and Pilgrimage
In the Holy Cross Church in Dülmen are the Anna -Katharina memorial and the grave. There is also in Dülmen the Anna -Katharina - way as pilgrimage to the life stages.
The Anna -Katharina - way ( pilgrimage ) connects as a hiking and biking trail that life places in Coesfeld, Flamschen and Dülmen. The starting point of this path is Coesfeld. There, the pilgrimage begins under the Coesfelder cross in the St. Lamberti Church. He then runs through the town square where Anna Katharina lived a while, for St. Jakobi Church. There is the baptismal font where she was baptized in 1774. The pilgrimage route runs through the city in the peasantry Flamschen to Emmerich - house (Anna Catherine's birthplace ) and from there to the Flamschener outdoor stage over to more remote roads in the vicinity of Lette. On the way between Merfeld and Dülmen several boulders are placed on which quotes the " seer from the Munsterland " were attached. Finally, the path leads through the wildlife park in the Dülmener downtown to the site of the former Augustinian monastery Agnetenberg near the St. Victor 's Church. The Holy Cross Church in Dülmen, in whose crypt the tomb of Anna Katharina Emmericks is located, represents the end point of the pilgrimage
Medical and psychiatric interpretations and interpretation of mystical theology
Some authors suggest the stigmatization phenomena in the context of the overall finding as disease symptoms. They are based on ICD-10 coded diagnoses from the somatic area, such as, among others, tuberculosis, cirrhosis of the liver (which could also explain ecchymosis and Palmarerytheme ) and rickets, and psychiatric findings from the dissociative form of circle, and anorexia nervosa.
The Catholic theologian Josef Hanauer took the view that the times Emmerich could have inflicted imitation of itself, this is not fraudulent, but for Christ to be similar. Often enough had been proved that such stigmata had nothing to do with miracles.
However, the Stimatisierungsgeschehen Anna Katharina Emmerich may be associated with the often reported in the mystical autobiographies physical concomitants of mystical experience. Frequently report about mystic of some sort bliss pain like a deep psychological injury ( eg, Teresa of Avila and Henry Suso ) or of ecstatic stupor. The extraordinary psychic energy that is released during the mystical experience - for matching testimony of the mystics by a direct divine touch in the depths of the soul - thus picking up on the body. This can go on the road quite natural psychosomatic connections in front of him, but the mystical experience itself is supernatural. According to Hartmut Sommer argues: "Even diseases such as lupus, adopted at Anna Katharina, may have played in the development of their times. Intensive meditated mental images of one, crucified body ' and the unconditional will to feel the sufferings of Christ as well as with Anna Katharina, because draw obtained in the mystical experience of mental force in the direction corresponding somatic effects. It can on the type of expression of wounds, as in the visions again act subjectively contemporary experiences of the mystic. So is entirely conclusive understandable why the pectoral cross of Anna Katharina had the fom of a fork cross as the most revered of her early Gothic Cross of Coesfelder St. Lamberti Church ". The stigmatization of Saint Francis of Assisi was accompanied by extraordinary mystical experiences and visions.
Movies
The director Dominik Graf themed 2007 meeting of Clemens Brentano and Anna Katharina Emmerich 's film The Vow, which is based on the novel by Kai Meyer.
Mel Gibson's film The Passion of the Christ (2004 ) is based in action leadership, and especially in the detail and nature of the atrocities depicted almost entirely on Brentano's The Dolorous Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ.