Aragonese language

Spoken in

• Indo-European Italic Romanesque Ibero-Romance Aragonese

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The Aragonese language, even aragonés and fabla called, is one of the Romance languages ​​and is spoken only in some high valleys of the Spanish Pyrenees, in the north of the province of Huesca, which forms the autonomous region of Aragon together with the provinces of Teruel and Zaragoza. The number of speakers is estimated at about 12,000, between 50,000 and 60,000 people have passive knowledge of the Aragonese language.

• 4.1 Article
• 4.2 genus
• 4.3 plural
• 4.4 possessive

Linguistic history

The expansion of the Roman Empire in the Iberian peninsula also followed the spread of Latin. Regardless of Romanization allows the propagation of the Aragonese language mainly due to the Reconquista and the territorial expansion of the Kingdom of Aragón traced. The Kingdom of Aragon attained its greatest expansion to the borders of today's autonomous region of Murcia in the 13th century. From the 16th century the language has been pushed back to the Pyrenees valleys. This process continued until the 19th century. The main reason was the introduction of Castilian as the official language of diplomacy by Charles I of Spain in 1536, which is why the Aragonese could not develop to a high level language is.

The time of the Franco dictatorship (1939-1975) later prevented the use of regional languages ​​as well as local autonomy movements. Again with the onset of democratization after the time of Franco's advanced regional values ​​and peculiarities in the center. The Spanish government ended with a new constitution, the suppression of linguistic minorities and set it equal to the Spanish language. In addition, the Regional Government of Aragón prompted further measures to protect the regional language varieties. However, these were the adoption of the " Law on Languages ​​of Aragon " (Ley de Lenguas de Aragón ), decided on May 9, 2013 by the Aragonese regional parliament under the leadership of the Partido Popular, softened. There the language with the Glottonym lengua propia de las aragonesa áreas pirenaica y prepirenaica (own language Aragonese Pyrenees and Vorpyrenäenregion, LAPAPYP ) is called.

Varieties

The Aragonese language is characterized by a variety of dialects, which are influenced by the Castilian and Catalan. The respective varieties can be divided into four sub- areas:

Phonology

Vowels

• The vowel inventory of the Aragonese is identical to the Castilian.
• / a / - Ex: palla, faba, taca
• / e / - Ex: meter, rete, perera
• / i / - distinction in the palatal area [i ] - Example: Ibón, filo; the area of ​​the semi-vowels [i ] - Example: pai ( kast.: padre ) foi ( kast.: hago ) and the semi- consonants [j ] - Example: ubierto, Tiengo ( kast.: tengo )
• / o / - Ex: plorar, montelón
• / u / - distinction in the velar region [ u]: nuquera, otular; au the area of ​​the semi-vowels [ ø ] with two Diphthongierungen and ue - Example: augua, aspeuto and the semi- consonants [ w] with three Diphthongierungen among others, ue and ui - Example: Tuara, Mueso, muito

Consonants

• The occlusive voiceless, intervocalic consonants of the Latin epoch were retained. Example: Espata ( kast.: espalda ), Comito ( kast.: comida ), apierto ( kast.: abierto ), capeza ( kast.: cabeza )
• There is the sonication of the unvoiced vowels when meeting with the nasal and liquid sounds. Example: aldo ( kast.: alto ), blango ( kast.: blanco ), medir ( kast.: moons )

Occlusive consonants

• / p / - Ex: palla ( kast.: paja ) emplir ( kast.: llenar )
• / t / - Ex: taca ( kast.: mancha ), rete ( kast.: red )
• / b / - Ex: Biega ( kast.: viga ) DeBan ( kast.: delante )
• / d / - Ex serving ( kast.: dientes ), cado ( kast.: madriguera )
• Phonemes / k / and / g / realized occlusive, and velar voiceless
• Use of graphemes [c ] and [ g] before the vowels [ a], [- o] [- u] and the consonant [l ], [ r], eg: caxa ( kast.: caja ), cuco ( kast.: gusano ) gurrión ( kast.: gorrión )
• Using the Nexus qu and gu before the vowels [ e ] and [ i ], eg: Quera ( kast.: Carcoma ) Guito ( kast.: inquieto )

Fricatives and consonants affrikative

• The fricative, voiceless, labiodental phoneme / f / and the interdental / θ / is realized by the graphemes [f ] and [ z]. Example: forato ( kast.: agujero ), copper ( kast.: hacer ), zarrar ( kast.: cerrar ) zorze ( kast.: ratón )
• The fricative voiceless phoneme / x / is represented by the grapheme [ j]. Example: majo ( Kast.: soso ), joriar ( kast. ORear )
• The affrikative, palatal, voiceless / ĉ / is presented as [ch ]. Example: chelo ( kast.: hielo ), chugar ( kast.: jugar )
• The fricative, präpalatale, voiceless phoneme / š / is realized by the grapheme [ x]. Example: baxo ( kast.: bajo ), alox ( kast.: alojamiento )

Nasal phonemes

• The voiced, nasal, bilabial phonemes / m / and alveolar / n / and the palatal / ɲ / are realized by the graphemes [m ], [ n ] and [ ñ ]. Example: muito ( kast.: mucho ), erenzio ( kast.: herencia ) Añada ( kast.: año )

Lateral phonemes

• The palatal lateral, voiced / ʎ / is realized by the grapheme [ ll ], eg: Biello ( kast.: viejo )

Vibrants

• Suffix - eg: niérbol, zarza, meter

Morphosyntactic features

Article

• There are the definite article o / os ( mask Sg. / Pl. ) And a / as ( fem. Sg. / Pl. ) Used. Example: o zucre ( kast.: el azúcar ), a tabierna ( kast.: la taberna ), os chemecos ( kast.: los gemidos ), as garras ( kast.: las piernas )
• The indefinite article un / unos ( mask Sg. / Pl. ) And una / unas (fem. Sg. / Pl. ) Are identical to those of Castilian.

Genus

• Many nouns that end in [ -or ], are feminine. Example: a fridor ( kast.: el fresco), a clamor ( kast.: El Barranco )
• Many nouns differ from Castilian their meaning, so have a different genus. Example: o chordón ( kast.: la famburesa ) o Maitin ( kast.: la mañana )
• In addition, there are nouns which are lexically indistinguishable from Castilian, however, have a different genus. Example: a fin ( kast.: el fin), o costumbre ( kast.: la costumbre )
• For the use of nouns and adjectives, the final [ a] is ​​used for the identification of the feminine word in hand and the final [-o ] for the designation of masculine words.
• The congruence in number and gender of nouns and adjectives are not different from the Castilian.

Plural

• Usually the noun by a final [-s ] is extended. Example: chóben - chobens ( kast.: jovenes ), mon - mons ( kast.: montes )
• Ends the noun ending in a vowel, the plural is formed as in Castilian. Example: onso - onsos, fillo - fillos
• If the noun ends in [- ero ], you plural formation with [- ers]. Example: entero - Enters, minero - miners
• The declination is irregular with many nouns. For example, the singular ending at [ T ] and [ D ] is replaced by [- z]. Example: purpút - purpúz, Negruţ - negrúz
• Ends the noun to [ ch ] [- x ] [- z] [-s ], the plural form of [- it ] is formed. Example: pex - pexes, zorz - zorzes

Possessive

• The pronouns and possessive adjectives have the same form.
• When using the possessive pronoun used as an adjective, the article is preceded by the possessive pronoun. Example: o mío libro ( kast.: mi libro ), a mía casa ( kast.: mi casa )
• Other forms: o tuyo - o tuyo fillo ( kast.: tu hijo ), a tuya chirmana ( kast.: tu hermana )
• O Suyo - o Suyo auto ( kast.: su auto), a suya tufa ( kast.: su melena )
• Os Mios and as MIAs in unequal quantities
• Plural forms: o nuestro, buestro o, o Suyo

Comparison with Spanish language

As a language comparison, the Our ​​Father in Aragonese and Spanish:

Aragonese:

Pai nuestro, que yes s o cielo, satificato siga lo tuyo nombre, vienga nusatros ta lo tuyo reino e se la Faiga tuya voluntat n'a tierra como N'O cielo. Da- mos hué lo nuestro de cada dia pan, perdona las nuestras Faltas como Tamien nusatros perdonamos a los que mos faltan, No mos dixes Cayer en a tentacion e libera - mos do M'Al. Amen.

Padre nuestro que estás en los cielos, sea tu nombre santificado. Venga a nosotros tu Reino. Hágase tu voluntad, así en la tierra como en el cielo. El pan nuestro de cada día dánosle hoy, y perdónanos nuestras deudas, así como nosotros perdonamos a nuestros deudores. Y no nos dejes caer en la tentación, mas del líbranos times. Amén.

Aragonese has the language code according to ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-2/-3 arg.

Research

The Aragonese applies according to UNESCO as an endangered language. A number of organizations dealing with the Aragonese language problem. The primary organization is the Language Academy, founded in May 1976 " Consello d'a Fabla Aragonesa ", which advocates for the research and promotion of the Aragonese language and for their introduction in the fields of culture, education and administration. The Academy publishes the journal " Fuellas " in Aragonese and also promotes regular language courses on a private basis. Since 1987, Aragonese is offered as an optional subject in the teacher training college in Huesca.