Arch dam

An arch dam ( Austrian: arch dam ) is a type for the shut-off building a dam. It basically consists of concrete and is compared to their height very slim. An arch dam is in contrast to the gravity dam in the horizontal pressure of the water is not contrary to their own weight, but redirects the forces by means of the arch action to the left and right of the two slopes.

Construction

Arch dams are curved in plan and often in cross-section like a bow and are supported on both sides of the valley sides. Thus, the horizontal water load is carried in the underground. The foundation of an arch dam means Pulvino. Arch dams are particularly suitable in narrow steep valleys, so they are mainly to be found in the high mountains. The foundation must be carried on the rock.

A common combination of the two types is the arch-gravity dam.

Arch dams are further subdivided into:

The footprint is in contrast to a gravity dam is relatively small. Therefore, in addition to the valley sides must accept a relatively high load and the ground. A strong rock base is therefore required. An arch dam is suitable where very narrow valley shall be cordoned off with great height. In broad mountain valleys gravity dams or dams are more appropriate. For these reasons, there is in Germany with the furnace Forest lock only one arch dam, more of it however in Austria and Switzerland.

To prove the stability of an arch dam, you can eg the elderly trial load method or load sharing method (trial load method) and apply the modern finite element method.

History

The Romans built one of the first arch dams in the Vallon de Baume south of Saint -Remy in Provence, France. The dam of Glanum was 12 m high, 18 m long, 3.9 m thick and served the water supply of the nearby town. The radius was 14 m and the aperture angle of 73 °. It consisted in between with a filling of two walls. In 1891 it was rebuilt with a modern dam, there is only a drawing.

The Byzantine historian Procopius describes in his treatise architecture an arch dam in Dara.

Built around 540/550 AD dam at the Iron Gate in Antioch, now Antakya, is probably the oldest still partially preserved arch dam in the world. The dam, a mixture of arch dam and gravity dam, 17 m high and was part of a city gate ( " Iron Gate " ), which was 32 ​​m high.

The Mongols also built some arch dams, for example, the Kurit Dam.

The François Zola Dam of 1854 is the first modern arch dam in the world. Another one of the oldest existing arch dams Europe dammed the water of Lake Montsalvens in the Canton of Fribourg. It was completed in 1920.

Other prominent arch dam - buildings of the 19th century are:

  • Sea Allum, India, 1804
  • Jones Falls, Canada, 1831
  • Parramatta, Australia, 1856
  • 75 -Miles Dam, Australia, 1880
  • Lithgow No. 1, Australia, 1896

Examples

  • Vajont (Italy, Civil 1963)
  • Malpasset, Frejus (France, 1959 collapsed )
  • Kölnbreintalsperre the Malta power plants ( largest dam in Austria )
  • Katse Dam ( Lesotho)
  • Cahora Bassa Dam ( Mozambique)
  • Lac d' Emosson ( Switzerland )
  • Lago di Vogorno ( Switzerland )
  • Oven forest barrier ( Bavaria )
  • Enguri Dam (Georgia)
Lake Gordon Dam#Gravity dams Lac de Montsalvens Inguri Dam
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