Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1738–1789)
Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha Antonia von Habsburg-Lothringen ( born October 6, 1738 in Vienna, † November 19, 1789 in Klagenfurt) was founded in 1766 in the abbess of Archduchess Maria Theresa in Prague convent, the Maria Anna board until her death. She lived almost exclusively in Klagenfurt in the building built by her palace, which now houses the Episcopal Palace.
Life
Archduchess Maria Anna, also called Marianna, was the second daughter of Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen of Lorraine. Her mother left her training as to the then princely courts customary educators. Maria Anna's artistic talent was very encouraged, but not their spiritual scientific talents. Maria Anna was the child who was the least respected and loved by Maria Theresia - main character was the heir apparent, Joseph, and also behind their sisters, Mary Elizabeth and Marie Christine, she had to stand back. Maria Elisabeth was considered the most beautiful of the daughters, Marie Christine was the favorite child of her mother.
Anna Maria had a weak health, which was worsened by the drafty, cold rooms of the Hofburg. 1757 Maria Anna fell ill with pneumonia, which was so heavy that she was given the last rites. Although they became healthy again, but suffered from constant shortness of breath and a fusion of the spine. Since that time, developed a close relationship with her father. She shared with him his scientific interests.
In July 1765, the family traveled to the wedding of the second- eldest son Leopold to Innsbruck. They made a stop in Klagenfurt. Marianna visited the small monastery of St. Elizabeth. The encounter with the sisters should determine their future lives sustainably. Thea Leitner explains Maria Anna's enthusiasm for the monastic life so that the nuns did not place value on appearances and Maria Anna had no fear of ridicule because of its hump. On August 18, 1765 Francis Stephen died, leaving his daughter back desperately.
Da Maria Theresia Maria Anna found no suitors, she gave her the line of noble ladies pin from Prague. This position never occurred though Maria Anna, but an income of 20,000 guilders secured their livelihood. Despite the opposition of her mother, she decided to take up residence in Klagenfurt. So Nicholas Pacassi built in the immediate vicinity of the monastery is a residence whose construction was completed in 1771.
At the abbess of the convent, she wrote:
During the period prior to moving to Marianna devoted to the extensive collection of her father - later to become the Natural History Museum emerged - and built his own minerals and insect collection on. Her mentor was Ignaz von Born. She completed the paternal coin collection and wrote a textbook on the during Maria Theresa's reign issued commemorative coins.
Her watercolors and drawings have been praised in the professional world. Marianna was an honorary member of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna and an elected member of the Academy of Arts in Florence.
On November 29, 1780 Maria Theresia died; four months later, the Archduchess Maria Anna moved to Klagenfurt. With Xaveria Gasser, the abbess of the convent she joined soon a deep friendship. Thanks to the generous financial support of the Archduchess the monastery hospital could soon be expanded. Your personal physician also oversaw the patients of the hospital. Also in the town of Klagenfurt, it provided valuable help in the welfare work.
To her friends were nuns, artists, scholars, nobles, including the Carinthian iron Industrial Maximilian Thaddeus of Minister. Some of them were members of Masonic lodges. In 1783 the Klagenfurt Masonic Lodge was founded " to charitable Marianna ". Anna Maria also devoted himself in Klagenfurt their scientific interests. She discovered her love of archeology. For excavation work on Zollfeld she donated 30,000 guilders and also took part in the excavations themselves.
Since the winter of 1788 her health deteriorated further. Your shortness of breath became worse and she could almost only move in a wheelchair. She died in 1789 in the presence of their closest friends.
Maria Anna Elisabeth inherited the monastery of the Interior all their private property totaling more than 150,000 guilders. Her brother, Emperor Joseph II, the monastery adopted the inheritance tax. In her palace is now home to the Prince Bishop's residence in the Marianne alley.
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Nicholas Francis of Vaudémont (1609-1670) ∞ 1634 Claudia of Lorraine (1612-1648)
Kaiser Ferdinand III. (1608-1657) ∞ 1651 Eleonora of Mantua (1630-1686)
King Louis XIII. (1601-1643) ∞ 1615 Anne of Austria (1601-1666)
Elector Charles I Ludwig (1617-1680) ∞ 1650 Charlotte of Hesse- Kassel (1627-1686)
Kaiser Ferdinand III. (1608-1657) ∞ 1631 Maria Anna of Spain (1606-1646)
Elector Philipp Wilhelm (1615-1690) ∞ 1653 Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse- Darmstadt (1635-1709)
Prince Anton Ulrich of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel (1633-1714) ∞ 1656 Elisabeth Juliane von Holstein - Norburg (1634-1704)
Albrecht Ernst I of Oettingen (1642-1683) Christine Friederike von Württemberg (1644-1674)
Duke Charles V Leopold (1643-1690) ∞ 1678 Eleanor of Austria (1653-1697)
Philip I of Bourbon (1640-1701) ∞ 1671 Elizabeth of the Palatinate (1652-1722)
Emperor Leopold I (1640-1705) ∞ 1676 Eleonore Magdalene of the Palatinate (1655-1720)
Duke Louis Rudolph of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel (1671-1735) ∞ 1690 Christine Louise of Oettingen (1671-1747)
Duke Leopold Joseph of Lorraine (1679-1729) ∞ 1698 Élisabeth Charlotte de Bourbon- Orléans (1676-1744)
Emperor Charles VI. (1685-1740) ∞ 1708 Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel (1691-1750)
Emperor Francis I (1708-1765) ∞ 1736 Maria Theresia (1717-1780)
Maria Anna of Austria