Ardisia

Ardisia crenata

The Ardisia, also called Spitz flowers, are a genus of the subfamily Myrsinengewächse ( Myrsinoideae ) in the family of Primrose ( Primulaceae ). The more than 400 species are mostly found in the tropical areas of America and Asia. Some species are used as ornamental plants, other uses by humans are rare.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Ardisia species are woody plants: subshrubs, shrubs or trees. The parts of the plant are hairy or hairless. The mostly alternate, pseudowirtelig in Ardisia japonica, arranged on the branches of deciduous leaves can be monomorphic or dimorphic, so there are species that have two different leaf shapes. It is usually a petiole present. The leaf blades are lanceolate, elliptic to obovate. The leaf margins are smooth, sinuate or toothed. The leaf surface may be smooth, covered with scales or his hairiness. There are no stipules present.

Generative features

The end- to pendent inflorescences are very different design of grapey, doldig, schirmrispig, zymös to snarl shaped panicle. Most flower stems are present. The hermaphrodite flowers are usually fünfzählig, but can also be four or sechszählig with double perianth. The buds coverage is usually quite agile and rarely leftward bricklaid overlapping or rotated, often dachig. The four to six green sepals are short- fused to almost detached. The four to six petals are fused with each other to cup - bell-shaped at the base or sometimes up to half. You are recurved or spreading, rarely erect and white, colored pink or purple. It's just a circle with usually five, rarely four or six stamens present. The short stamens are fused at its wide base and set at the base or just above the base of the corolla tube. The anthers are fixed at the back, usually extended or nearly arrow-shaped. They jump on most by longitudinal slits or rarely by standing at the top or near the top pores. The ovary is ovoid to nearly spherical, it contains few to Numerous ovules, which are usually in several rows. The style is long and slender and is often beyond the crown. The scar is fine and punctiform.

They are spherical or nearly spherical drupes have a diameter of 4 to 8 mm, are fleshy and wear at the top of the resistant pen. They contain only a spherical, white to black seed, its endocarp is crusty or osseous.

The chromosome number is n = 6

Occurrence

The genus usually occurs in the tropical areas of eastern and southeastern Asia, Australia, on the Pacific Islands and the Neotropics. In China, there are 65 species, but in North America four types.

System

The genus name Ardisia was first published in 1788 by Olof Swartz in Nova Genera et Species Plantarum seu Prodromus, 3, p 48. Type species is Ardisia tinifolia Sw .. 1791 Joseph gardener in Ardisia De fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum, 2, 78, table 94, fig. 2 with the type species of Ardisia acerosa Gaertn. nom. illeg. also published; Ardisia Gaertn. is a synonym of Cyathodes Labill. and Leptecophylla C.M.Weiller. Synonyms for Ardisia Sw. are: .. Amatlania Lundell, Auriculardisia Lundell, Bladhia Thunb, Graphardisia ( Mez ) Lundell, Icacorea Aubl, Oerstedianthus Lundell, Parardisia MPNayar & GSGiri, Pimelandra A.DC., Synardisia ( Mez ) Lundell, Valerioanthus Lundell some of them have now the rank of subgenera.

The genus Ardisia contains about 400 to 500 species (selection):

• Ardisia capuronii Pipoly
• Ardisia compressa Kunth (syn.: Ardisia capollina A.DC. )
• Ardisia crenata Sims ( Syn: Ardisia crenulata Lodd et al, nom nud. .. . ): It is cultivated as a houseplant in a cool place for its beautiful red berries.
• Ardisia crispa ( Thunb. ) A.DC. ( Syn: Ardisia henryi Hemsl, Bladhia crispa Thunb. ).
• Ardisia didymopora ( H.Perrier ) Capuron
• Ardisia elliptica Thunb.
• Ardisia escallonioides Schltdl. & Cham.
• Ardisia fasciculata C.T.White
• Ardisia glauciflora Urb.
• Ardisia guianensis ( Aubl. ) Mez ( Syn: Ardisia acuminata Willd, Icacorea guianensis Aubl. . )
• Ardisia humilis Vahl
• Ardisia involucrata short
• Ardisia japonica ( Thunb. ) Blume
• Ardisia lanceolata Roxb.
• Ardisia luquillensis ( Britton ) Alain
• Ardisia macrocarpa Wall. Thrives at altitudes 1500-2400 meters in the Himalayas.
• Ardisia mamillata Hance
• Ardisia Manglillo Cuatrec.
• Ardisia marojejyensis J.S.Mill. & Pipoly
• Ardisia opegrapha Oerst. ( Syn: Ardisia oliveri Mast. )
• Ardisia panurensis Mez
• Ardisia paschalis Donn.Sm.
• Ardisia pleurobotrya Donn.Sm.
• Ardisia polycephala Wall. ex A.DC.
• Ardisia polysticta Miq. ( Syn: Ardisia virens Short)
• Ardisia pyramidalis ( Cav. ) Pers.
• Ardisia revoluta Kunth
• Ardisia sanguinolenta Wall. ex Blume ( Syn: .. .. Ardisia colorata Wall ex Roxb, Ardisia complanata Wall, Ardisia pulchra Ridl, Ardisia polchra orth var Ridl. )
• Ardisia sapida Cuatrec.
• Ardisia sieboldii Miq.
• Ardisia Solanacea Roxb. ( Syn: Ardisia humilis auct. ): It has a wide distribution range from the tropical Himalayas to India, Sri Lanka, Burma, western China to Singapore.
• Ardisia thyrsiflora D.Don ( syn.. Ardisia neriifolia Wall ex A.DC., Ardisia floribunda Wall. ): It grows at altitudes 600-1100 meters in the Himalayas (from Kumaun in Nepal to Bhutan, Assam ).
• Ardisia tinifolia Sw. ( Syn: Ardisia coriacea Sw. )
• Ardisia villosa Roxb.
• Ardisia wallichii A.DC.

No longer belong to the genus (selection):

• Ardisia acerosa Gaertn. → Lissanthe acerosa Spreng. ( Syn: .. Cyathodes acerosa R.Br. ex Roem & Schult, Leptecophylla juniperina ( JRForst. & G.Forst ) CMWeiller juniperina subsp. . )
• Ardisia bifaria CTWhite & WDFrancis → Tetrardisia bifaria ( CTWhite & WDFrancis ) CTWhite
• Ardisia laevis Oerst. → Stylogyne turbacensis subsp. laevis ( Oerst. ) Ricketson & Pipoly
• Ardisia longistaminea A.C.Sm. → Geissanthus longistamineus ( A.C.Sm. ) Pipoly
• Ardisia ramiflora Oerst. → Stylogyne turbacensis subsp. laevis ( Oerst. ) Ricketson & Pipoly
• Ardisia tsjeriam - cottam Roem. & Schult. → Embelia tsjeriam - cottam ( Rom. & Schult. ) A.DC.

Use

Some species are used as ornamentals, for example, in a cool place.

The mealy fruits of Ardisia sieboldii be eaten cooked, if nothing else is different. The raw leaves of Ardisia crispa be eaten as a salad. The medical effects of some types were investigated.

The drug made ​​from dried plant parts of Ardisia japonica is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as an antitussive agent.

Swell

• Jie Chen & John J. Pipoly III: Myrsinaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 15, 1996, p 10: Ardisia - Online.
• John J. Pipoly III & Jon M. Ricketson: Ardisia in the Flora of North America, Volume 8, 2009, p 318: - Online.
• BR Jackes: Taxonomic revision of Australian Myrsinaceae: Ardisia Sw. and Tetrardisia Mez. in Austrobaileya, 8 ( 1 ), 2009, pp. 19-21.
• Henri Alain Liogier: Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico and adjancent Islands, Spermatophyta, Volume IV: Melastomataceae to Lentibulariaceae. Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1995, ISBN 0-8477-2337-2.