Arenaria (plant)

Mountain chickweed ( Arenaria montana)

The sand herbs ( Arenaria ) are a genus within the family of the Pink Family ( Caryophyllaceae ). The 150 to 300 species occur mainly in the temperate and colder regions of the northern hemisphere ( Holarctic ).

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

These are usually smaller, often cushion forming, mostly annual or perennial, rarely biennial herbaceous plants, more rarely subshrubs. Often rhizomes are present. The opposite leaves are permanent and undivided and entire, but otherwise very different in shape: lanceolate to rounded. The leaf blade has one or three to five leaf veins.

Generative features

The flowers are borne singly or in few inflorescences, these usually have the form of like Asia or winding up. The rather small, radial symmetry flowers are four - or fünfzählig double perianth. The five most often completely free and usually green sepals are 2-5 mm long. Unlike many other members of the subfamily Alsinoideae the top five white petals are pointed or rounded forward, but not emarginate and not divided into two parts. In some species the petals are absent. There are two circles, each with (rarely four in Arenaria livermorensis or less) usually five stamens present. The usually three, rarely five carpels are a superior ovaries adherent to many ovules. There are equal numbers of 0.5 to 2 mm long stylus as carpels present.

The capsule fruits jump on with six (or more rarely ten) short teeth and rarely contain only one, usually five to 35 seeds. The brown to dark brown or black, mostly kidney to almost circular seeds are winged wingless or narrow.

Occurrence

The sand herbs occur with about 150 to 300 species mainly in the temperate and colder regions of the northern hemisphere ( Holarctic ). In China, 102 species have been recorded, 79 of them only there. In North America, only nine species are endemic. Some species are also in the Andes to Patagonia.

System

The genus Arenaria was established by Carl Linnaeus. The botanical genus name is derived from Arenaria arena for sand and refers to the habitat of several species. Synonyms for Arenaria L. are: Brewerina A.Gray, Cernohorskya Á.Löve & D.Löve, Gooringia FNWilliams, Gouffeia Robill. & Castagne ex Lam. & DC., Spergulastrum Michx. , Willwebera Á.Löve & D.Löve.

The genus Arenaria belongs to the tribe Alsineae in the subfamily within the family Caryophyllaceae Alsinoideae.

Closely related genera by some authors in the Arenaria sl be incorporated are: Eremogone Fenzl ( about 90 species), Mieren ( Minuartia L. about 175 species) and umbilical Mieren ( L. Moehringia about 25 species); then contains Arenaria s.str. about 210 species. This is controversial.

The species-rich genus Arenaria is divided into ten subgenera and this often in the sections and series. Subgenus Odontostemma contains more than half of the species.

Here is a selection of about 150 to 300 Arenaria species:

  • Arenaria acerosa Boiss. It occurs only in Turkey
  • Arenaria acutisepala FNWilliams: It occurs only in Turkey
  • Aegean Chickweed ( Arenaria aegaea Rech f ): It is found in Greece, in the Aegean Sea and Turkey
  • Clustering of chickweed or Social Chickweed ( Arenaria aggregata (L.) Loisel. ): It is found in Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Algeria and Morocco.
  • Arenaria alfacarensis Pamp. , You only occurs in Spain
  • Algarve Chickweed ( Arenaria algarbiensis Welw ex Willk. . ): It occurs only in Portugal and Spain
  • Arenaria alpina Porter & J.M.Coult.
  • Arenaria angustifolia McNeill: It occurs only in Turkey
  • Arenaria angustifolioides Kit Tan & Sorger: It occurs only in Turkey
  • Arenaria angustisepala McNeill: It occurs only in Turkey
  • Arenaria antitaurica McNeill: It occurs only in Turkey
  • Arenaria arcuatociliata G.López & Nieto fields. It occurs in Spain
  • Arenaria armeniaca Boiss. It occurs only in Turkey
  • Arenaria armerina Bory: It occurs only in Spain and Morocco
  • Arenaria arundana Gallego: It occurs only in Spain
  • Arenaria balansae Boiss. It occurs only in Turkey
  • Balearic Chickweed ( Arenaria balearica L.): It occurs only in the Balearic Islands, in Italy, in Sardinia and Corsica
  • Arenaria benthamii Fenzl ex Torr. & A. Gray: It comes only from the southern United States prior to northern Mexico.
  • Bertoloni Chickweed ( Arenaria bertolonii Fiori): It happens only in Italy, Sardinia, Sicily and Corsica
  • Zweiblütiges Chickweed ( Arenaria biflora L.)
  • Arenaria blepharophylla Boiss. It occurs only in Turkey
  • . Arenaria bryophylla remote: It occurs in the Himalayas; It rises on Mount Everest at altitudes of up to 6180 meters, making it one of the highest growing flowering plants.
  • Arenaria capillipes ( Boiss. ) Boiss. It is a threatened endemic to southern Spain.
  • Arenaria cariensis Carlstrom: It occurs only in Turkey
  • Arenaria cassia Boiss. It occurs only in the Middle East
  • Arenaria cavanillesiana ( font cross & Rivas Goday ) Nieto fields. It occurs only in Spain
  • Arenaria cephalotes M.Bieb.
  • Arenaria cerastioides Poir. It occurs only in Spain, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco
  • ( Authentic ) Eyelashes Chickweed ( Arenaria ciliata L. ): It is widely used in Europe
  • Gray Chickweed ( Arenaria cinerea DC. ): It happens only in France
  • Arenaria conferta Boiss. It occurs only in Albania, Greece and the former Yugoslavia
  • Arenaria conimbricensis bread. It occurs only in Portugal and Spain
  • Arenaria controversa Boiss. It occurs only in France
  • Arenaria cretica explosive. It occurs only on the Balkan Peninsula, Greece and Crete
  • Arenaria cucubaloides Sm: It occurs only in Turkey and in Armnenien
  • Arenaria davisii McNeill: It occurs only in Turkey
  • Arenaria deflexa Decne. It occurs only in Greece, the Aegean and the Near East
  • Arenaria dela guardiae G.López & Nieto fields. Use only occurs in Spain
  • Arenaria dianthoides Sm: It occurs in Western Asia
  • Arenaria drypidea Boiss. It occurs only in Turkey
  • Arenaria Dyris Humbert: It occurs only in Morocco
  • Arenaria eliasiana Kit Tan & Sorger: It occurs only in Turkey
  • Arenaria emarginata bread. It occurs only in Portugal, Spain, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco
  • Arenaria erinacea Boiss. It occurs only in Spain
  • Arenaria favargeri ( Nieto Fel. ) G.López & Nieto fields.
  • Arenaria filicaulis Fenzl
  • Arenaria fontqueri Cardona & J.M.Monts. -Marti
  • Arenaria fragillima Rech f
  • Arenaria gionae Gustavsson
  • Arenaria gothica Fr: It is found only in southern Sweden and in western Switzerland.
  • Arenaria gracilis Waldst. & Kit.
  • Arenaria graminea C.A.Mey.
  • Großblütiges Chickweed ( Arenaria grandiflora L.): It is found in Switzerland, Austria, Czech Republic, Italy, France and Spain.
  • Arenaria graveolens Schreb.
  • Arenaria guicciardii Boiss.
  • Arenaria L. gypsophiloides
  • Arenaria halacsyi soon.
  • Arenaria hispanica Spreng.
  • Arenaria hispida L.
  • Arenaria holostea M.Bieb.
  • Small Chickweed ( Arenaria humifusa Wahlenb. )
  • Arenaria imbricata Lag
  • Arenaria isaurica Boiss.
  • Arenaria kotschyana Fenzl
  • Arenaria lanuginosa ( Michx. ) Rohrb. It is common in the New World.
  • Arenaria ledebouriana Fenzl
  • Dünnstängeliges Chickweed Chickweed or Tender ( Arenaria leptoclados ( Rchb. ) cast. )
  • Arenaria leucadia Phitos & Strid
  • Arenaria libanotica Boiss.
  • Arenaria ligericina Lecoq & Lamotte
  • Arenaria livermorensis Correll: This endemic species is known only from the Davis Mountains Trans - Pecos in the region in western Texas and thrives at altitudes from 2100 to 2500 meters.
  • Arenaria longifolia M.Bieb.
  • Arenaria longipedunculata Hultén: It is found in northern North America and Asia.
  • Arenaria ludens Shinners: It occurs only in Texas and northern Mexican state of Coahuila.
  • Arenaria luschanii McNeill
  • Arenaria lychnidea M.Bieb.
  • Arenaria macrosepala Boiss.
  • Arenaria mairei Emb
  • Alpine Chickweed or Salis - Marschlins Chickweed ( Arenaria marschlinsii ( A.Kern. ) WDJKoch )
  • Arenaria modesta Dufour
  • Arenaria moehringioides Murr
  • Arenaria mons- Cragus Kit Tan & Sorger
  • Mountain chickweed ( Arenaria montana L.)
  • Vielstängeliges eyelash Chickweed Chickweed or Vielstängeliges ( Arenaria multicaulis L.)
  • Arenaria muralis (Link) Spreng.
  • Arenaria nevadensis Boiss. & Reut.
  • Arenaria norvegica Gunnerus
  • Arenaria obtusiflora Kunze
  • Arenaria olloixii Jahand. & Al.
  • Arenaria orbicularis Vis.
  • Arenaria oscensis (Pau) P.Monts.
  • Arenaria paludicola BLRob. It comes from California through the central Mexico to Guatemala before.
  • Arenaria pamphylica Boiss. & Heldr.
  • Arenaria patula Martrin - Dono
  • Arenaria peloponnesiaca Rech f
  • Arenaria pocutica Pawlł.
  • Arenaria pomelii Munby
  • Arenaria procera Spreng. ( Syn: Arenaria biebersteinii bad. ): Grasblättriges Chickweed ( Arenaria procera subsp explosive procera, Syn: .. Arenaria procera subsp glabra ( FNWillimas ) J.Holub, Arenaria graminifolia Schrad, Arenaria micra denia PASmirn. .. )
  • Arenaria procera subsp. pubescens ( Fenzl ) Jalas ( Syn: Arenaria pineticola Klokov )
Ovary (botany) Agricultural Research Service
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