Arnaldus de Villanova
Arnald of Villanova, also Arnald, Arnold or Arnoldo Villanova (Eng. ), Arnau de Vilanova (Catalan ), Arnoldus de Villa Nova, Arnaud de Villeneuve (French ), Arnaldo da Villanova (Italian ), Arnaoult de Ville- Neuve (* 1235 in Valencia, Spain, † September 6, 1311 in a shipwreck ) was a scholastic doctor, chemist, pharmacist, Knights Templar, scholar and Rector of the University of Montpellier.
Medical doctors, chemists and pharmacists
De Villa Nova was the personal physician of the King of Aragon and Pope Clement V and professor at the University of Montpellier.
He discovered the toxicity of carbon monoxide and rotting flesh and was the author of numerous medical works, including the four-volume "Handbook in all of medicine " ( Breviarium practicae medicinae ), and his major work " Liber appellatus thesaurus thesaurorum, Rosarius philosophorum " which builds to a large extent on Arabic sources.
Liniments, herbal extracts, maceration
To de Villa Nova experiments it belonged to produce alcoholic extracts of medicinal herbs. This he called first eau -de- vin, but soon due to its stimulating effect in medical ointments eau -de -vie. The successful engineering of the extraction of active ingredients from plants, called maceration is used today for medical purposes as well as for the recovery of aroma compounds such as for certain liqueurs or bitters.
Vin Doux Naturel
In 1285 Arnald of Villanova discovered in the Commandery of the Knights Templar near Perpignan, then capital of the Kingdom of Mallorca that you could bring the fermentation of the must by adding alcohol, ie alcohol, to a standstill. So Vin Doux Naturel of was born. In this way, the wine was preserved but turned into vinegar, and retained the same one the rest of his natural sugar.
( Silence, stopping the fermentation of wine by the addition of alcohol or sulfur dioxide) Using the method of " mutagenic ", he gave the naturally sweet and indestructible wines in the Middle Ages and even long after considerable success.
On this development, inter alia, based also Port Wine and Madeira, but not sherry ( see there).
Litmus
Furthermore, he was the first scholar who discovered litmus as an indicator of acids and bases, and began.
Dream Explorer
In the history of dream research before Sigmund Freud Arnald of Villanova also plays an important role. So he mentioned the diagnostic utility of some dreams. He compared the dreams with a lens through which one can recognize disease symptoms long before their visibility in the waking consciousness. He reported example of a patient who dreamed that 'll hit with a stone on the ear him. Shortly after this man developed a severe ear infection.
Shipwreck
When he was in 1311 commissioned by King Frederick II of Sicily on the way to Pope Clement V, he died in the sinking of his ship on 6 September in the Mediterranean.
Works
Medicine
- Breviarium Practicae
- De conservanda bona valetudine: opusculum scholae Salernitanae; ad Regem Angliae. Antverpiae. Withag, 1562 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf
Wine
- Liber de Vinis
Alchemy ( by some authors doubted )
- Thesaurus Thesaurorum o Rosarius Philosophorum
- Novum lumen
- Flos Florum
Collections of his works were published in 1505 and 1532 in Lyon, with a biography of Symphorianus Campegius, 1585 in Basel, 1603 in Frankfurt am Main and again in 1686 in Lyon.
The Opera Omnia Medica of Arnald of Villanova since 1975 are published by the University of Barcelona ( editors including Michael McVaugh, Luis Garcia- Ballester )