Aventine Hill
The Aventine (Italian Aventine Hill, Latin Mons Aventinus ) is the southernmost of the seven hills on which ancient Rome was built. It consists of two surveys to Ripa, the twelfth rione today (district ) of Rome belong.
The northwestern height, the actual Aventine, southwest located near the Tiber River from the Palatine and separated from it by the valley of the Circus Maximus. The most famous attractions of the present survey are the Church of Santa Sabina and Santa Maria del Priorat, the church of the Priory of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Southeast of this is 41-45 m above the sea level rising hill, there is a second, slightly lower elevation, on which there are, inter alia, the churches of Santa Balbina and San Saba. During the era of the Roman Republic (5th to 1st century BC) were both hills might have been regarded as a unit, but they had perhaps originally performed different names. When dividing Rome into regions by the Emperor Augustus struck the actual Aventine Hill ( Aventinus maior ) of the 13th Region, southeastern tip ( Aventinus minor), however, to the 12th region.
According to ancient etymological derivations of the hill either for the birds ( Aves Latin ) to be named or after the mythical king Aventinus Silvius Alba Longa after the king Aventinus the aborigines, both of which had been buried on the hill. For further contemplated derivations of the name of the Aventine included inter alia its designation by the homonymous son of Hercules and the priestess Rhea and after the nearby river in the country of the Sabines Avens.
Great importance was the Aventine in Roman mythology. The homicidal, fire-breathing giant Cacus lived in a cave, according to Virgil at the Aventine, and was slain by Hercules because he had stolen this part of the herd of cattle of Geryon. According to the founding legend of Rome, the brothers Romulus and Remus were the gods deciding which of the two of them should have the right to apply the neuzugründende city to appoint and dominate. They agreed to carry out a bird's eye view, and who will first see a vulture flock of them, would be the winner. In the older version of the legend that is tangible in which only fragmentary historical epic of the Roman poet Ennius, Romulus held the bird's eye view of one of the two hills of the Aventine from Remus but elsewhere, probably from the south-eastern hills of the Aventine from. The younger tradition can, however, Romulus Auspices on the Palatine and Remus make on the Aventine. Romulus won the competition and founded Rome. After Remus or had been killed by the men of his brother, he was buried in the place Remuria that should have been according to some authors located on the Aventine.
After the greater part of the ancient tradition had the fourth king of Rome, Ancus Marcius, whose government is set in the second half of the 7th century BC, led the first settlement of the Aventine. The sixth king of Rome, Servius Tullius, was then the owner of the hotel on the Aventine Temple of Diana was, which served as a common sanctuary of the Latin League. Although the actual Aventine was included since the 6th century BC by the allegedly suffered during the reign of Servius Tullius Servian walls, he was outside the pomerium.
After the end of the Roman monarchy and the beginning of the Republic, there was the Aventine in state ownership, therefore constituted an Ager publicus dar. According to the adopted by 456 BC Lex Icilia the local community land was acquired in small plots of the plebs. In contrast to the opposite patrician Palatine, the Aventine was thus first plebeian settlement area and also a business district. In the period of the early Republic, the business bustle found primarily on the northern slopes of the hill, about the forum Boarium instead. Already in 494 BC to the plebeians be pulled out from Rome and have, however, come to pass, according to the older annalists Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi on the Aventine, according to the recent tradition on the Mons Sacer, in order to paralyze the economic life of Rome by this industrial action and so to be able to enforce their demands. A second such secession of the plebs on the Aventine had happened 449 BC. 391 BC, the politician and military leader Marcus Furius Camillus dedicated the erected after the conquest of the Etruscan city of Veii temple of Juno Regina. On the Aventine Hill there were also inter alia temple of the moon goddess Luna, of Jupiter Libertas and Minerva. Ennius had on the hill of a private home.
During the Republiksära the Aventine was always fertile ground for social unrest, such as under the tribunate of Gaius Gracchus, the BC first took refuge in the survey located on the Temple of Diana shortly before his death in 121. In the 1st century AD, a slow transformation of the character of the Aventine, which is now increasingly a popular residential area of the wealthier strata of the population has occurred. 47 AD Emperor Claudius extended the pomerium Rome, so that now the Aventine belonged. The Emperor Vitellius, Trajan and Hadrian lived temporarily on the hill, which served also built as a location for during the reign of Trajan ( 98-117 ) Baths of Lucius Licinius Sura and created in the year 252 Baths of Decius. When the Visigoths conquered under their king Alaric 410 Rome, looted and destroyed almost entirely the rich villas on the Aventine.
1924 left many anti-fascist MEP after the assassination of Giacomo Matteotti, the Italian Chamber of Deputies and retreated, as did the fighting for their rights plebeians, on the Aventine back. Through this step, this is Aventinianer Calling grouping also ended their political activity. Your organization was disbanded after the consolidation of the position of Mussolini.
Today the Aventine is a quiet, green, but also very expensive residential area of the historic center.