Banat Military Frontier

The Banat Military Frontier was a section of the Habsburg Military Frontier ( kroat. and serb. Vojna Krajina ) which (now part of Romania ) and Vojvodina (now part of Serbia ) was located in the Banat region.

Population and geography

The Banat Military Frontier was ( called Illyrian population or even Raizen ) an area of Serbs, Germans and Romanians ( Vlachs ) was inhabited. To Banat Military Frontier included the southeastern part of Backa.

The military frontier region bordered on the south by the Ottoman Empire (from 1833 to the Principality of Serbia), on the north by the Temes Banat (from 1849 to 1860 at the Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat, from 1860 to the counties Torontál and Temes ) to, on the northeast the Transylvanian Military Frontier, in the Grand Duchy of Transylvania (county Hunyad ) and to the counties Krassó and Szörény, on the southeast by the Principality of Wallachia ( 1859 Principality of Romania) and to the west by the Slavonian Military Frontier.

Towns

Among the most important places in the Banat Military Frontier included Pancevo, Bela Crkva, title, Žabalj, Alibunar Kovin, Caransebeş.

History

With the dissolution or relocation of the Tisza Maroscher Military Frontier ( Potiska i Pomoriska vojna granica ) from 1702 to 1741, the Austrian military border was expanded final of the Croatian coast over the Banat to Transylvania from 1742. The territory of the Military Frontier was divided into the Wallachian, Illyrian and in the German regiment district, which each provided a Cross Infantry Regiment of the Imperial and Royal Army ( German - Banat Border Regiment No. 12, novels - Banat Border Regiment No. 13, Serbian Banat border Regiment No. 14). The Banat Military Frontier was 1871/72 dissolved. The regiments were disbanded in November 1872 and assigned to their regiment districts to supplement districts of the infantry regiments No. 29 ( District Command in Great Betschkerek ), No. 61 ( district headquarters in Temesvár ) and No. 43 ( district headquarters in Caransebes ).

Establishment of the German - Banat Military Border District

Began as early as May 1764 Imperial referral advertising in the Invalides houses of Vienna, Pest, Prague and Ptuj. In parallel, wrote the Settlement Commission under Count Villars a report on the places to be colonized. The district was placed on the proposal in the extreme southwest of the Banat on the Danube and on the Timis. First to be built next to or in place of the existing Serbian places for them any new settlements. This required the majority of the local Serbs to be relocated into the interior of the country, because one of the main objectives of the installer of the Banat Military Frontier was to settle the border towns with Catholic veterans. Although the country's administration objected to the Hofkriegsrat prevailed, and the Serbs were resettled, partly into the interior of the district Pantschowa, partly in the territories of the Military Frontier, which were the Wallachian - Illyrian Regiment reserved. One of the main reasons for transferring the Serbs were in addition to the security policy and fiscal considerations. For if the Settlement Commission was able to locate without extensive preparations and considerable outlays veterans in the existing locations.

Each colonists were allocated their own houses and farms. However, these were not gratuitous allotments, but they were made under the same system as in anticipation cameralistic Banat. The plots that received the settlers were allocated to them as a military frontier fief. Until the end of the settlement, the disability and army were dismissed at the Military Frontier their pay as before. The construction they worried themselves, but were for additional compensation. The building materials were allocated to settlers free of charge, just like the first sowing and disused cavalry horses for agriculture. Only in 1769 the settlers were used in German - Banat Military Border District to the regular Kordondienst. Despite extensive planning by the Hofkriegsrat to 1770 no places in the settlement district have been radically altered or rebuilt. These tasks were the late Theresa and Josephine settlement period reserved. A total of twelve places with German veterans, invalids and dismissed army were occupied 1765-1770 within the first period of the establishment of the Banat Military Frontier.

Organization

The border area was divided into different fiefdoms, for infantry, for soldiers, for officers. The border fiefs were granted for free use. In case of alarm, the men had einzufinden in the alarm stations from 17 years. The individual fiefs could not be divided or enlarged. War unfit were inherited or given to any fief. The income from the free use of the feud took the place of military Soldes.

Under Maria Theresa, the Military Frontier became a perfect organization. The border guards were grouped into regiments. A regiment consisted of a clearly defined territory. The border guards were peasant soldiers. One third of the Armed peasants knew 135 days of military service against Sold in a watch or maneuvers, the remaining time was to order the fields blank. Two -thirds were in peacetime completely free for field work. Each Grenzhaus enjoyed tax relief. In case of alarm, and in time of war, all weapons carriers were aged 17 and over within a few hours in the alarm stations a.

The officers of the Military frontier were not only commander but also administrative officer. The command and administrative language was German. The school system included anywhere in the Military Frontier. Each Grenzerkind learned his mother tongue German. The number of Hungarian and Székely, Croats and Serbs and the Romanians, who served in the frontier regiments, was substantially different.

Regiments

• German - Banat Regiment (1769 No. 71) > Cross Infantry Regiment No. 12
• Wallachian - Illyrian Regiment (No. 72) > Cross Infantry Regiment No. 13