Baptism of Jesus
The baptism of Jesus is at ( 1:9-11 EU) Gospel of Mark at the junction of the preaching of John the Baptist at the time of the public ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. ( Lk 3:21-22 Mt 3:13-17 EU EU) In the other two Synoptic Gospels also the birth stories are prefixed. Indirectly, it also John the Evangelist in John 1:29-34 EU one on the baptism of Jesus. In addition, it is mentioned in the apocryphal Gospel of the Hebrews.
John's baptism symbolized the forgiveness of sins and called the baptized to repentance because of the nearness of the kingdom of God. This contrasts with the baptism of Jesus with his acclamation as the son of God. Also associated with the act of baptism subordination of Jesus among John, perhaps for a longer time a disciple of Jesus has already been felt by early Christians as offensive. Therefore, the event itself is considered historically secured (difference criterion). The Latin Church celebrates the feast on the Sunday after January 6.
Biblical findings and historicity
After Jn 1,28 EU Bethany is assumed by the Jordan as a place of baptism usually. After Jn 3,23 EU John baptized in Αἰνών (, Aenon ' Salim ), which later Σαπσαφάς (, Sapsaphas ') was called, and was lying on the east bank of the Jordan across from Bethabara after the mosaic map of Madaba. According to Origen, however, Bethany was on the east side of Jordan.
John the Baptist cried in the face of the coming judgment and the return of the Messiah to conversion and baptism in the forgiveness of sins. " Baptism of repentance " in Mark 1:4 EU, however, can also mean a turning away from God a criminal intent, according to Jer 18.7 to 10 Sibylline Oracles 4:152-170 EU and the n from the 1st century AD ( in a Jewish insertion in the Hellenistic political oracle ). The baptism of the Qumran community emphasized the initiative of God. Even if reversal is related to the recipient of the baptism that John's baptism symbolizes the positive response of the baptized, not " human decision in a context of repentance and pursuit of virtue."
All four gospels describe the appearance of John the Baptist with a quotation from the prophet Isaiah: " A voice cries: the offing for the Lord a way through the desert! Builds in the desert a highway for our God "( Isaiah 40.3 EU). To him Jesus came to be baptized. When Jesus got out of the water, he saw after the presentation of the Gospels the heavens opened and the Spirit descending like a dove. At the same time he heard a voice from heaven, " his beloved son " called him.
Mk 1:9-11 EU can be regarded as biographical legend, or even as a cult legend in the context of the early Christian baptism. However, Markus separates this side ( verse 9) and otherworldly sphere (verses 10-11 ). With the revelation of the divine sonship of the Baptist stands apart. He is neither ear witness yet he donates a Messiah consecration. Also, the text can not be understood psychologically as a vocation story or vision.
Despite the radically Aryan- theological aspect and the reference to John without mention of Jesus' baptism in Acts 10,37 f EU and 13.24f. applies this within the historical Jesus research as one of the safest events because they could mean for the followers of John the Baptist that Jesus John the child, which is rather represented a burden for the proclamation of Christ the Christian communities; but the fact of baptism was also conceal not easy. Jesus preached exactly like John the reverse; but while in John the coming of the Messiah in the character of the Court was, Jesus saw the kingdom of God in the sign of love and mercy.
Contrary to Mark's presentation of a short period contact during the Baptism and in the other Synoptic Gospels apologetic developed subordination a longer time of Jesus in John is accepted as his disciple today often. Sociologically, the origin of the Jesus movement is seen in the Baptist circle. When less is considered safe only in a Jn 3,23 EU and 4.1 EU reported Tauftätigkeit own Jesus.
Christian interpretation
The baptism of Jesus is interpreted by some Church Fathers as the anticipation of his death and the descent of the underworld: " The descent of Jesus into this liquid grave [ of Jordan ], in this inferno that surrounds it completely, so Vorvollzug the descent into the underworld: " he descended into the water, he has bound the strong man. " (Lk 11,22 EU), says Cyril of Jerusalem. John Chrysostom writes: " submersion and emergence are images of descent into hell and resurrection. " The "descent" of Jesus in his death on the cross was meant to appeal to Jewish ideas as mythical battle with the dragon of evil: he introduced " into the Abyss hell to battle with the dragon of life and death ". Cyril of Jerusalem wrote: "After Job ( 40.18 EU) was in the waters of the Dragon ( = Leviathan ) which commenced the Jordan with his mouth. Since the heads of the dragon should be shattered, Jesus went into the water and tied the mighty. "
In Jesus' Into Get in the waters of the Jordan, submersion and emergence climbing, the open sky, and the heavenly voice that Jesus heard you can see an anticipation of his death and resurrection. At the baptism of repentance of John was the confession of guilt and asking for forgiveness. If Jesus submits to this rite, it turns out - his death anticipating - in the series of sinning people as "Yes to all the will of God in a marked by sin world" and " expression of solidarity with the people who are guilty, but for justice to stretch. "
The theology of the sacrament of baptism is continued by Paul in this direction and unfolds: the baptized receives in baptism share in the death and resurrection of Jesus and reached a "new life " in the community of the Church (cf. Romans, chapter 6 EU).
Feast of the Baptism of Jesus in the church year
The event is celebrated in the liturgical year of the Catholic Church as the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord. The Baptism of the Lord was in the church year the Latin Church since early times in addition to the adoration of the Magi and the wedding at Cana, the second of the three festival secrets of the Solemnity of the Epiphany and was at its Octave, January 13, especially considered. The liturgical reform of the Second Vatican Council laid the feast after the abolition of the octave of the festival on the Sunday after the Epiphany, where it forms the conclusion of the Christmas season. Often in the Holy Mass of the feast of the Baptism of the Lord Baptism is conferred or thought of your own baptism in Taufgedächtnis. So it is in the Vatican custom that the Pope celebrates Mass for the celebration in the Sistine Chapel, while numerous children administers baptism. At the same time in Ordinary Time begins after the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord.
In the evangelical church year is the first Sunday after Epiphany with the Gospel Mt 3:13-17 LUT baptism of Jesus in the center, without that this day as the " Feast of the Baptism of Jesus " would be called.
In the Eastern Churches is January 6 Theophany ( = God's appearance ), usually dedicated to all three hard secrets, including the memory of Jesus' baptism in the Jordan, and, connected to a water Liturgy of the Great Water consecration. Only the Armenian Church and Greeks celebrate on this date still connected to each birth, appearance and Baptism of the Lord.