Baraita

Baraita ( Aramaic ברייתא " something that is outside ."; Baraitot pl ) refers to a doctrine of Tannaitic time, but which has not been included in the Mishnah. " Outside " refers accordingly to " outside the Mishnah ." Originally, could have " outside but on the" outside of the most important houses of study (ie, from Sura and Pumbedita ) " based, although (teacher of the Mishnah ) are named as authors of a Baraita in later times Tannaim.

Since the Mishnah the entire oral Torah in a very concise form contains - to facilitate the oral transmission - numerous variants, additional explanations, clarifying interpretations and rules are not included in the Mishnah. These were later collected in works that are also called " baraitot ", often in the form of lists of teachings of a wise man. " Baraita " So shall mean the individual teaching their compilation. Main collections of baraitot are the Tosefta and halakhic midrashim which (eg Mechilta, Sifra and Sifre ).

Have baraitot halachically something lighter weight than the Mishnah. Nevertheless, such doctrines are also considered as proof texts for the amora, the teachers of the Talmud, in their analyzes and interpretations of the Mishnah. In general, a talmud Bavli Baraita in the Aramaic formulations tanja ( Aramaic תניא; Hebrew למדנו בעל פה; German " taught " ) or tanu Rabbanan ( Aramaic תנו רבנן; Hebrew שנו רבותינו; German: "Our masters taught " ) initiated while a Mischnazitat is introduced with catenane. Set in Jerusalem or Palestinian Talmud citations are found rarely from baraitot.

The linguistic style of baraitot can hardly be distinguished from that of the Mishnah, even though some passages already show signs of a later stage of the Hebrew language.

An output baraitot collected from the Palestinian and Babylonian Talmud took M. Higger before ( Otsar ha - baraitot. 10 volumes, New York 1938-1948 ).