Bernard Lazare
Bernard Lazare ( born June 15, 1865 in Nîmes as Lazare Marcus Manassé Bernard, † September 1, 1903 in Paris) was a French journalist, literary critic and anarchist Jewish descent. He became known in connection with the Dreyfus affair.
Life
Bernard Lazare was born in Nîmes, and chose as his pseudonym the interchange of his first and last name.
He was the eldest of the four sons of Jonas Bernard, a retailer of women's clothing, and Douce Noémie Rouget, a traditional Provencalin. The bourgeois family Rouget led the jacquard craft in Toulouse and launched one of the first successful factories for textiles draping and stocking items.
The Bernard family was a supporter of traditional Jewish traditions. Lazard Bernard completed his high school education in science, but his passion was literature. This he shared with his friend Ephraim Mikhael from Toulouse. The two posed as cousins. It was Ephraim Mikhael, who convinced a year after his enrollment at the school archivist Bernard Lazare in Paris, to come to Paris.
Lazare came to Paris in 1886, the year of the publication of La France Juive title ( German edition: The Judaised France) Édouard Drumont. Lazare enrolled at the École pratique des hautes études. There he chose the seminar of the clergy Louis Duchesne, for the Catholic Institute of Paris, installed its Chair of Church History.
There the hardness Lazard, his penchant for factual detail, his urge to make Alleged in question showed.
Duquesnes book history of the ancient church was placed on the Index. His writing style was " historic" and not " theologically ". During the academic year 1887-1888 Lazare put a consecrated monument for " la législation conciliaire relative aux Juifs " (Council legislation about the Jews ) again.
He wrote in 1888 together with Ephraim Mikhael La Fiancée de Corinthe the work, a dramatic story in three acts by his pen name appears for the first time. Two years later, Ephraim Mikhael died of tuberculosis. This fact marked the end of the tragically young Lazare. It was also the time when he turned to anarchism, even though he never really approved of direct action. But he always supported the ideas and their companions, by financing their releases and paths. As an anarchist, it provides a series of messages that constitute the reason for some subpoenas. He wrote as an anarchist literary critic and published in the conservative, nationalist newspaper L' Echo de Paris, the painful revolt of the workers and artisans of Carmaux. With his journalistic spirit of revolt at the Congrès Socialiste de Londres he took in 1896 (Congress of Socialists ) part and denounced the " authoritarian and jealous, the own time program devoted loose Karl Marx, whose goals differed from the International. "
In the Dreyfus Affair Bernard Lazare of the innocence of Captain Alfred Dreyfus was convinced and wrote "Une Erreur judiciaire: La Vérité sur I'Affaire Dreyfus " ( A Miscarriage of Justice: The Truth about the Dreyfus affair). In 1896 According to the experience the anti-Semitic campaigns in France Lazare changed his attitude for the assimilation of the Jews and supported the idea of an anarchist without Zionism Jewish state as selbstverwaltetetem area.
Writings (selection )
- L' histoire et ses antisémitisme son Causes (1894 - Léon Chailley Ed. ): Antisemitism: Its History and Causes, 1894 ( Online)
- Le Juif nationalisme, 1898 ( Online)
- Antisémitisme et révolution, 1898 ( Online)
- L'affaire Dreyfus - Une erreur judiciaire - Edition establish itself par Ph. Oriol, - Ed. Allia (1993 )
- Le fumier de job - texts établi par Ph. Oriol - Ed. Honoré Champion ( 1998) (English translator's 1948: Harry Lotin Binsse, see literature)
- Juifs et antisémites - Edition establish itself par Ph. Oriol - Ed. Allia (1992 )