Bondarzewia
Bondarzewia mesenteric ( syn. B. montana), the type species of the genus
The Bergporlinge ( Bondarzewia ) are the type genus of the family of Bergporlingsverwandten ( Bondarzewiaceae ). The tough, stalked, more or less drab Porlinge have no cystidia or buckles. The dimitische Hyphensystem consists of generative hyphae and Skeletthyphen. Typical of the genus are the strong and rough amyloidien ornamented spores. The type species is Bondarzewia mesenteric, the congregation Bergporling. He is also the only species of the genus in Europe. Other species occur in North America and the tropics. Most species are at least edible young.
- 5.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The one-year fruiting bodies are composed of a bundle arranged in rosettes, shell - or tongue-shaped hats formed, which arise from a common stem. The up to 20 cm long and 0.4-2 cm thick hats are smooth or colored tomentose and yellow ocher, reddish - brown or gray-brown. The fruit layer ( hymenophore ) consists of rounded to angular, white pores, the spore powder is whitish.
The handle is 10 cm long and 2-5 cm thick. The cream-colored flesh is hard and discolored, quite the contrast to the blackened flesh of similar looking Riesenporlings. It has a nutty smell. Some Bergporlingsarten milks in violation as well as the Milkcaps. The meat tastes mild to very spicy.
Microscopic characteristics
The amyloid spores are 5-8 microns long and 5-7 microns wide. They are round ornamented to nearly spherical and warty, burred or leaf. The Hyphensystem is dimitisch. In addition to the hyaline, not inflated, thick-walled generative hyphae Skeletthyphen occur, clasps missing. The terminal basidia are 30-55 microns long and have at their peak four curved sterigmata. Sterile Hymenialelemente as Zystiden or Hyphidien not occur, but at least some species have Lactiferen, which can be stained weakly with Sulfovanillin.
Ecology and distribution
Bergporlinge grow as a weak parasite or as Saprobiont at the foot of live strains, stumps or dying or already dead roots. The mushrooms are so, like the closely related sponges root, root parasites, but they appear as wood pests hardly appear. As hosts, both deciduous and coniferous trees can be used. The native to Europe Common Bergporling preferred old white fir and grows exclusively on conifers, while the North American species Bondarzewia berkeleyi grows on deciduous trees and oaks preferred. In the tropical China one finds the Bergporling Bondarzewia podocarpi on living Podocarpus ( Podocarpus ) growing while Headquartered in southern South America Bondarzewia guaitecasensis a parasite appearances beech ( Nothofagus ) is.
Bergporlinge produce an intense white rot in the infested wood and are involved from the initial to the end of the final phase of the Vermorschung.
System
Since Rolf Singer the genus Bondarzewia 1940 defined, gave numerous taxonomists of the genus their attention. This meant that it was made by F. Kotlába and Z. Pouzar the type genus of the new family Bondarzewiaceae 1957.
J. A. Stalpers 1979 compared the properties of Heterobasidion and Bondarzewia and realized that both genera have a dimitisches Hyphensystem, poroids fruiting bodies and amyloid, ornamented spores, while buckles and cystidia are lacking. In addition, both species had a spinigerartige addition to fruit shape ( anamorphic ) and a parasitic lifestyle. Other similarities are producing a white rot and the formation of laccase.
He found similar characteristics even at Laurilia, Echinodontium, Wrightoporia and the tropical genus Amylaria that has coral -like fruiting bodies, and united them all in the family of Bondarzewiaceae.
The genus was also molecular biology studied by several research groups. Although one partially came to different results. Larsson and Larsson (2003) and Miller et. al. (2006) used the 5.8S, ITS2 and the large subunit of rDNA genes for their phylogenetic analysis and found that the genera Bondarzewia, Heterobasidion, Laurilia and Echinodontium form a common lineage that splits into two branches, in the genera Bondarzewia and Heterobasidion with dimitischen Hyphensystem and the genera Laurilia and Echinodontium who own a trimitisches Hyphensystem. The genus Wrightoporia turned out to be pure Formtaxon, which is divided into several lineages.
Other studies show, however, that Bondarzewia and Heterobasidion form a lineage that is always separated from the species of the genus Echinodontium and Laurilia.
Species
The following species have usually stalked fruiting bodies, Zystidiolen missing and the basidia are longer than 35 micrometers. The species are distributed in the temperate climate zone on the northern or southern hemisphere.