Bornholmsk dialect
Outlandish ( Bornholmsk ) is a ostdänischer dialect, which is spoken on the Danish island of Bornholm and is related to both the Danish and Swedish language close.
As outlandish is considered as northern dialect, the Danish government rejects a status as a minority language.
- 4.1 Inflection of Articles
- 4.2 Number of words
- 4.3 Sample sentences
- 4.4 Example Keyword
History
As a result, the Swedish occupation of Skåne, Halland and Blekinge in 1658, the dialect and is increasingly isolated on the present territory of Denmark, the only surviving version of the Eastern Danish, which in turn was heavily influenced by the Swedish language.
Due to immigration from Denmark and influence of mass media fades the Bornholm dialect since the last 60 years, like most of the Danish dialects, especially among the younger generation, who are increasingly the Copenhagen variant of standard Danish speaking, because they thus combines a higher social prestige. So throw Danes from the remaining part of the country the Bornholmern frequently to speak Swedish, and denote the dialect denigrating as reservesvensk ("Replacement Swedish ").
In order to increase the prestige and counteract the extinction of the dialect, has culture Bornholm, the governing body for cultural clubs on the island, set a goal to preserve outlandish as a living language by contributing through publications and media work to preserve the dialect.
Classification: Danish or Swedish
Outlandish one of the dialects that are for Danes to understand the hardest. Therefore, he is often regarded as a separate language, if one defines a language as the sum of the dialects that are mutually intelligible, but the boundary between dialect and language is fluid and subjective. How Swedes and Norwegians understand the dialect of Bornholm far better than the Danes.
However, the question of whether the Bornholm dialect ( as in the case of closely related Scanian language ) rather corresponds to the Danish or Swedish, spoken in southern Sweden, can not be separated from political or ideological guiding principle, if one language as ethnological feature understands.
From a linguistic perspective, the Scandinavian languages form a dialect continuum in which Skåne and outlandish a bridge between sjællandsk ( " Zeeland " ), the dialect of the Danish island of Zealand, and götamål ( " Götasprache " ), the dialect of the southern Swedish part of the country Götaland, build.
Outlandish shares with the Danish weakening of plosives ( plosives ) with certain sound changes and certain changes in the vocabulary. In addition, the dialect used Standard Danish as its written standard, which is not the case with the Scanian, with the southern Swedish dialects Skåne, Halländisch and Blekingisch be expected to Eastern Danish from a Danish perspective.
Features
Vocabulary
The dialect knows next to loanwords from German, Dutch and French also many own island-style words. In addition, the dialect has in contrast to the Danish kingdom ( Rigsdansk ) many archaic words ( archaisms ) from the Old Norse language, which is due to the isolated location. There, where the vocabulary between the Danish and the Swedish differs, the proximity of Bornholm is visible to the Danish language.
Pronunciation
In the debate, the Bornholm dialect shares many characteristics with the Swedish, such as the two tonal accents in the Scandinavian languages , the contrast creates the typical Swedish " singsong ". Also the Danish Stoßton ( stod ) does not exist in Bornholm dialect.
Orthography
There is no standardized spelling of Bornholm. Therefore, the dialect is generally spoken rather than written, apart from various dictionaries and articles in local newspapers. Even words that do not exist in Standard Danish, based on the Danish orthography.
Examples
Flexion of Articles
A striking contrast to the standard Danish is that the dialect three grammatical genders ( generation ) knows, similar to the German, Norwegian, Icelandic and Old Swedish language.
Adjectives are inflected according to the three genders.
Number words
Sample sentences
Example words
Subdialects
It is one of five different subdialects on Bornholm. Thus, there is a clear difference in the pronunciation of the words ædja or ævja (instead Danish: tang for " pliers " or " seaweed " ) or Pibel or Peia (instead pige for " girl " ) in the villages Gudhjem in the north and in the south Pedersker. In Rønne, the largest city on the island, Ronne - fint is spoken, a variant of Bornholm dialect in which many inflections are missing and which is spoken quickly and inarticulate, which is why they thus is closer to the Danish standard language. The north of the island is in turn influenced more strongly by the Swedish because there immigrated many Swedes in the previous centuries. Therefore, the dialect in the area of Allinge is as AlInGa - svænsk (Danish: Allinge - svensk; German: " Allinge - Swedish " ) referred. The dialect in its " pristine " nature is called tykt Bornholmsk (such as " thick outlandish ").