Brotula

Dermatopsis macrodon

The viviparous Brotulas ( Bythitidae ) are bony fishes ( Osteichthyes ) from the order of viscera Fishy ( Ophidiiformes ).

They live in all oceans, five species in brackish and fresh water. The freshwater species often inhabit cave systems, such Grammonus thielei on Sulawesi, Typhliasina pearsei on the Yucatan Peninsula and Ogilbia galapagosensis on the Galapagos island of Santa Cruz.

Features

Livebearers Brotulas be 3 to 65 inches long. They are usually scaly and have a swim bladder and Pylorusschläuche. Your gill cover is usually provided with a strong sting. They give birth to live young.

Inside systematics

There are about 30 genera and 200 species in two subfamilies.

Subfamily Brosmophycinae

In the subfamily Brosmophycinae the caudal fin is separated from the dorsal and anal fin.

• Genus Alionematichthys ( Møller & Schwarz Hans, 2008) Alionematichthys ceylonensis Møller & Schwarz Hans, 2008
• Alionematichthys crassiceps Møller & Schwarz Hans, 2008
• Alionematichthys minyomma ( Sedor & Cohen, 1987)
• Alionematichthys phuketensis Møller & Schwarz Hans, 2008
• Alionematichthys piger ( Alcock, 1890)
• Alionematichthys plicatosurculus Møller & Schwarz Hans, 2008
• Alionematichthys riukiuensis ( Aoyagi, 1954)
• Alionematichthys samoaensis Møller & Schwarz Hans, 2008
• Alionematichthys shinoharai Møller & Schwarz Hans, 2008
• Alionematichthys suluensis Møller & Schwarz Hans, 2008
• Alionematichthys winterbottomi Møller & Schwarz Hans, 2008

• Beaglichthys bleekeri Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007
• Beaglichthys larsonae Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007
• Beaglichthys macrophthalmus Machida, 1993

• Bidenichthys beeblebroxi Paulin, 1995
• Bidenichthys capensis Barnard, 1934
• Bidenichthys consobrinus ( Hutton, 1876)

• Brosmodorsalis persicinus Paulin & Roberts, 1989

• Brosmolus longicaudus Machida, 1993

• Brosmophyciops pautzkei Schultz, 1960

• Brosmophycis marginata ( Ayres, 1854)

• Brotulinella taiwanensis Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005

• Dactylosurculus gomoni Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007

• Dermatopsis macrodon Ogilby, 1896

• Dermatopsoides kasougae (Smith, 1943)
• Dermatopsoides talboti Cohen, 1966

• Diancistrus alatus Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus alleni Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus altidorsalis Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus atollorum Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus beateae Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus brevirostris Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus eremitus Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus erythraeus ( Fowler, 1946)
• Diancistrus fijiensis Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus fuscus ( Fowler, 1946)
• Diancistrus jack randalli Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus jeff johnsoni Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus karinae Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus katrineae Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus leisi Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus longifilis Ogilby, 1899
• Diancistrus machidai Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus manciporus Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus mcgroutheri Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus Mennei Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus niger Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus Kookaburra ( Machida, 1996)
• Diancistrus pohnpeiensis Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus robustus Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus springeri Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus tongaensis Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Diancistrus vietnamensis Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005

• Didymothallus criniceps Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007
• Didymothallus mizolepis ( Günther, 1867)
• Didymothallus nudigena Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011
• Didymothallus pruvosti Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007

• Dinematichthys dasyrhynchus Cohen & Hutchins, 1982
• Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides Bleeker, 1855
• Dinematichthys indicus Machida, 1994
• Dinematichthys Megasoma Machida, 1994
• Dinematichthys minyomma Sedor & Cohen, 1987
• Dinematichthys randalli Machida, 1994
• Dinematichthys riukiuensis Aoyagi, 1954
• Dinematichthys trilobatus Møller & Schwarz Hans, 2008

• Dipulus caecus Waite, 1905
• Dipulus multiradiatus ( McCulloch & Waite, 1918)
• Dipulus norfolkanus Machida, 1993

• Eusurculus andamanensis Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007
• Eusurculus pistillum Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007
• Eusurculus pristinus Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007

• Fiordichthys paxtoni ( Nielsen & Cohen, 1986)
• Fiordichthys slartibartfasti Paulin, 1995

• Gunterichthys bussingi Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2004
• Gunterichthys coheni Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2004
• Gunterichthys longipenis Dawson, 1966

• Lapitaichthys frickei Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007

• Lucifuga dentata Poey, 1858
• Lucifuga inopinata Cohen & McCosker, 1998
• Lucifuga lucayana Møller, Hans Schwarz, Iliffe & Nielsen, 2006
• Lucifuga simile Nalbant, 1981
• Lucifuga spelaeotes Cohen & Robins, 1970
• Lucifuga subterranea Poey, 1858
• Lucifuga teresinarum Díaz Pérez, 1988

• Majungaichthys agalegae Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011
• Majungaichthys simplex Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007

• Mascarenichthys heemstrai Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007
• Mascarenichthys microphthalmus Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007
• Mascarenichthys Remotus Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011

• Melodichthys hadrocephalus Nielsen & Cohen, 1986

• Monothrix polylepis Ogilby, 1897

• Nielsenichthys pullus Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011

• Ogilbia boehlkei Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia boydwalkeri Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia cayorum Evermann & Kendall, 1898
• Ogilbia cocoensis Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia davidsmithi Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia deroyi (Poll & van Mol, 1966)
• Ogilbia galapagosensis (Poll & LeLeup, 1965)
• Ogilbia jeffwilliamsi Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia jewettae Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia mccoskeri Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia nigromarginata Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia nudiceps Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia robert soni Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia sabaji Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia sedorae Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia suarezae Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia tyleri Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2005
• Ogilbia ventralis ( Gill, 1863)

• Paradiancistrus acutirostris Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Paradiancistrus christmasensis Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011
• Paradiancistrus cuyoensis Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005
• Paradiancistrus lombokensis Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007

• Porocephalichthys dasyrhynchus ( Cohen & Hutchins, 1982)

• Typhliasina pearsei ( Hubbs, 1938)

• Ungusurculus collettei Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007
• Ungusurculus komodoensis Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007
• Ungusurculus philippinensis Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007
• Ungusurculus riauensis Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007
• Ungusurculus sundaensis Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007
• Ungusurculus williamsis Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007

• Zephyrichthys barryi Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007

Subfamily Bythitinae

In the subfamily Bythitinae the tail fin with the dorsal and the anal fin has grown together to form a continuous Flossensaum.

• Genus Acarobythites Machida, 2000 Acarobythites larsonae Machida, 2000.

• Anacanthobythites platycephalus Anderson, 2008
• Anacanthobythites tasmaninensis Anderson, 2008

• Bellottia apoda Giglioli, 1883.
• Bellottia armed (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
• Bellottia galatheae Nielsen & Moller, 2008.
• Bellottia robusta Nielsen & Moller, 2008.

• Bythites fuscus ( Fowler, 1946).
• Bythites gerdae Nielsen & Cohen, 1973.
• Bythites islandicus Nielsen & Cohen, 1973.

• Calamopteryx goslinei Bohlke & Cohen, 1966.
• Calamopteryx jeb Cohen, 1973.
• Calamopteryx robinsorum Cohen, 1973.

• Cataetyx alleni ( Byrne, 1906) Cataetyx Messieri
• Cataetyx bruuni ( Nielsen & Nybelin, 1963).
• Cataetyx chthamalorhynchus Cohen, 1981.
• Cataetyx hawaiiensis Gosline, 1954.
• Cataetyx laticeps Koefoed, 1927.
• Cataetyx lepidogenys (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
• Cataetyx Messieri ( Günther, 1878).
• Cataetyx nielseni Balushkin & Prokofiev, 2005.
• Cataetyx niki Cohen, 1981.
• Cataetyx platyrhynchus Machida, 1984.
• Cataetyx rubrirostris Gilbert, 1890.
• Cataetyx simus ( Alcock, 1892).

• Diplacanthopoma alcockii Goode & Bean, 1896.
• Diplacanthopoma brachysoma Günther, 1887.
• Diplacanthopoma brunnea Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
• Diplacanthopoma japonicus ( Steindachner & Döderlein, 1887).
• Diplacanthopoma Jordanian Garman, 1899.
• Diplacanthopoma kreffti Cohen & Nielsen, 2002.
• Diplacanthopoma nigripinnis Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924.
• Diplacanthopoma raniceps Alcock, 1898.
• Diplacanthopoma river sander soni Alcock, 1895.

• Ematops randalli Cohen & Wourms 1976.

• Grammonus ater ( Risso, 1810).
• Grammonus claudei ( de la Torre y Huerta, 1930).
• Grammonus Diagrammus ( Heller & Snodgrass, 1903).
• Grammonus longhursti (Cohen, 1964).
• Grammonus opisthodon (Smith, 1934).
• Grammonus robustus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
• Grammonus thielei Nielsen & Cohen, 2004.
• Grammonus waikiki (Cohen, 1964).

• Hastatobythites arafurensis Machida, 1997.

• Hephthocara crassiceps Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
• Hephthocara simum Alcock, 1892.

• Lucifuga dentata Poey, 1858.
• Lucifuga inopinata Cohen & McCosker, 1998.
• Lucifuga lucayana Møller, Hans Schwarz, Iliffe & Nielsen, 2006.
• Lucifuga simile Nalbant, 1981.
• Lucifuga spelaeotes Cohen & Robins, 1970.
• Lucifuga subterranea Poey, 1858.
• Lucifuga teresinarum Díaz Pérez, 1988.

• Microbrotula andersoni Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2011.
• Microbrotula bentleyi Anderson, 2005.
• Microbrotula geraldalleni Black & Hans Nielsen, in 2012.
• Microbrotula greenfieldi Anderson, 2005.
• Microbrotula hamata Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2011.
• Microbrotula punicea Anderson, 2007.
• Microbrotula queenslandica Anderson, 2005.
• Microbrotula rubra Gosline, 1953.

• Ogilbichthys ferocis Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2004
• Ogilbichthys haitiensis Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2004
• Ogilbichthys kakuki Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2004
• Ogilbichthys longimanus Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2004
• Ogilbichthys microphthalmus Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2004
• Ogilbichthys puertoricoensis Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2004
• Ogilbichthys tobagoensis Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2004

• Parasacco Gaster melanomycter Cohen, 1981.
• Parasacco Gaster Normae Cohen & Nielsen, 1972.
• Parasacco Gaster rhamphidognatha Cohen, 1987.

• Pseudogilbia sanblasensis Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2004

• Pseudonus acutus Garman, 1899.
• Pseudonus platycephalus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
• Pseudonus squamiceps ( Lloyd, 1907).

• Sacco Gaster brayae Nielsen, Hans Schwarz & Cohen, 2012.
• Sacco Gaster hawaii Cohen & Nielsen, 1972.
• Sacco Gaster horrida Nielsen, Hans Schwarz & Cohen, 2012.
• Sacco Gaster maculata Alcock, 1889.
• Sacco Gaster nikoliviae Nielsen, Hans Schwarz & Cohen, 2012.
• Sacco Gaster parva Cohen & Nielsen, 1972.
• Sacco Gaster staigeri Cohen & Nielsen, 1972.
• Sacco Gaster tuberculata (Chan, 1966).

• Stygnobrotula latebricola Bohlke, 1957.

• Thalassobathia nelsoni Lee, 1974.
• Thalassobathia pelagica Cohen, 1963.

• Thermichthys hollisi (Cohen, Rosenblatt & Moser, 1990).

• Timorichthys angustus Nielsen et al., 2013
• Timorichthys disjunctus Nielsen & Schwarz Hans, 2011

• Tuamotuichthys bispinosus Møller, Black & Hans Nielsen, 2003.
• Tuamotuichthys marshallensis Nielsen, Hans Schwarz, Møller & Randall, 2006.
• Tuamotuichthys black hansi Nielsen & Moller, 2008.