Brunsvigia

Empress Josephine Brunsvigie ( Brunsvigia josephinae ), inflorescence

The Brunsvigien ( Brunsvigia ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae family ( Amaryllidaceae ). The approximately 20 species are native to southern Africa.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Brunsvigia species are perennial herbaceous plants. These geophytes have in the dry season, no green leaves. In plants of natural habitats with winter rainy season, the leaves are blowing only after pollination; at the locations with a summer rainy season overlap periods of leaf and inflorescence growth. They usually form underground bulbs as a continuous drying organs; at Brunsvigia herrei and Brunsvigia josephinae they are half above ground. The onion shell is usually tan and brittle, with the species Brunsvigia josephiniae and Brunsvigia litoralis, however, papery and brown.

On mature plants the undergraduate and more or less in two rows arranged leaves are oblong to ligulate and wide. The species with small onions ( Brunsvigia comptonii, Brunsvigia namaquana and Brunsvigia radula ) form of only two to three leaves per plant, most other species have four or more leaves. The largest number of foliage leaves is found with about 20 josephiniae at Brunsvigia. In most species the leaves are flat and cling to the ground. Only in the types Brunsvigia grandiflora, Brunsvigia herrei, Brunsvigia josephiniae, Brunsvigia litoralis and Brunsvigia undulata the leaves are clearly off the ground. In most species, the leaf surfaces are smooth and hairless. In the two domestic species in Namaqualand Brunsvigia namaquana and Brunsvigia radula they are straw colored, however, bristly hairs; in some populations of the species striata Brunsvigia they are soft hairy.

Inflorescences, flowers, fruits and seeds

The flowering time is in South Africa, depending on the kind in different parts of the year. The inflorescences are very conspicuous. In most species, the flower stalks of the individual flowers are just radially outward and form together as a globular inflorescence. For species Brunsvigia josephiniae, Brunsvigia litoralis and Brunsvigia orientalis, the flower stalks are bent against it, and in the three types Brunsvigia elandsmontana, Brunsvigia marginata and Brunsvigia pulchra inflorescences are compact and brush -like. The individual flowers are usually ruby-red to scarlet (species Brunsvigia josephiniae Brunsvigia litoralis, Brunsvigia marginata and Brunsvigia orientalis) or pale pink to rose sharply. In some species the whole inflorescence is colored flashy. A characteristic feature of the species Brunsvigia bosmaniae and Brunsvigia gregaria is the dark Vein on the tepals.

The hermaphrodite flowers are triple. The flower bracts are six available that are free or are teilverwachsen to a short tube. For species with dense, compact inflorescences, the individual flowers are usually radial symmetry and shape of a trumpet, for the species with loose, open inflorescences outweigh zygomorphe flowers. The flowers of the species Brunsvigia comptonii, Brunsvigia namaquana and Brunsvigia radula are notwithstanding, highly asymmetric, because all bracts are curved up on one upwards. For all types of Brunsvigia the flowers produce nectar; in many species they smell too.

In spindle-shaped or triangular, often heavily ribbed capsule fruits, the water-containing, non- dormant seeds are included.

Occurrence

The 20 Brunsvigia species are widespread in southern Africa. Mostly they occur in semi-arid locations. The more than half of the species is native to regions with rainy season in winter, some species are, however, in regions with summer rains ( area around the Drakensberg and KwaZulu -Natal) ago. The range extends from the coast to the mountains in the interior of the continent. Some species thrive at particular locations on particular substrates quartzite veins, dolomite outcrops, mussel beds and sand flats. Only a few species thrive in seasonally wet depressions, mainly in the eastern summer rainfall region. However, some species have a wide distribution area a few species ( Brunsvigia elandsmontana, Brunsvigia herrei, Brunsvigia namaquana, Brunsvigia pulchra Brunsvigia radula, Brunsvigia striata and Brunsvigia undulata ) naturally are rare.

System

The genus Brunsvigia 1755 prepared by the German botanist Lorenz Heister in description of a new race, p 3, Braunschweig. The genus name honors the Brunsvigia Duke Charles I of Brunswick -Wolfenbüttel, who promoted the study of plants, especially of the kind occurring in the Cape Brunsvigia orientalis.

The genus belongs to the subtribe Brunsvigia Strumariinae from the tribe Amaryllideae in the subfamily Amaryllidoideae within the family of Amaryllidaceae. Previously, she was also classified in the family Liliaceae.

There are about 20 species Brunsvigia (where next to the botanical author abbreviation is indicated by the publication year of publication of the first description ):

• Brunsvigia bosmaniae FMLeight. , S. African Gard. 22: 137 ( 1932).
• Brunsvigia comptonii WFBarker, JS African Bot 14: 29 (1948 ).
• Brunsvigia elandsmontana Snijman, Bothalia 31: 34 (2001): It is endemic to the fynbos in the Western Cape Elandsberg. She is known only from one location to transition between floors of sandstone and clay. Similar sites have been transformed over the past 70 years to wheat fields. There are fewer than 700 copies known, and these are vulnerable to grazing by deer. It is in the Red List of South African Plants as " Critically Endangered " = " threatened with extinction " rated.
• . Brunsvigia grandiflora Lindl, Edwards 's Bot Reg 16: t. 1335 ( 1830).
• Brunsvigia gregaria RADyer, Pl Life 6: 79 (1950).
• Brunsvigia herrei Leight. ex W.F.Barker, J. S. African Bot 29: 165 (1963).
• Empress Josephine Brunsvigie ( Brunsvigia josephinae ( Delile ) Ker Gawl. ), Bot Rule 3: t. 192, 193 (1817 ).
• Brunsvigia kirkii Baker, Handb Amaryll. 99 ( 1888).
• Brunsvigia litoralis RADyer, Pl Life 7: 62 ( 1951).
• Brunsvigia marginata ( Jacq. ) WTAiton, Hortus Kew. 2: 230 (1811 ).
• Brunsvigia namaquana D.Müll. - Doblies & U.Müll. - Doblies, Feddes Repert. 105: 347 (1994).
• Auct Brunsvigia natalensis Baker & W.H.Harvey. suc. (eds. ), Fl. Cap. 6: 208 ( 1896).
• Brunsvigia nervosa ( Poir. ) ined ..
• Brunsvigia orientalis (L.) Aiton ex Eckl. , Topo. Delay Pflanzensamml. Ecklon: 7 (1827 ).
• Brunsvigia pulchra ( WFBarker ) D.Müll. - Doblies & U.Müll. - Doblies, Feddes Repert. 105: 352 (1994).
• Brunsvigia radula ( Jacq. ) W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 2: 230 (1811 ).
• . Brunsvigia radulosa Herb, Amaryllidaceae: 281 ( 1837).
• Brunsvigia undulata F.M.Leight. , Fl. Pl South Africa 14: t. 552 (1934 ).

Swell

• Dee Snijman, April 2005: Heist. at PlantZAfrica the South African National Biodiversity Institute = SANBI.