Campylobacter
- C. coli ( Doyle 1948) Veron & Chatelain 1973
- C. concisus Tanner et al. 1981
- C. cryaerophilus Corrig. Neill et al. 1985
- C. fetus (Smith & Taylor 1919) Sebald and Véron 1963
- C. hyoilei Alderton et al. 1995
- C. hyointestinalis Gebhart et al. 1985
- C. jejuni ( Jones et al. 1931) Véron and Chatelain 1973
- C. lari Corrig. Benjamin et al. 1984
- C. mucosalis ( Lawson et al., 1981) Roop et al. 1985
- C. nitrofigilis McClung et al. 1983
- C. sputorum ( Prévot 1940) Véron & Chatelain 1973
- C. upsaliensis Sandstedt & ursing 1991
Campylobacter ( ancient Greek καμπὓλος kampylos = crooked, βακτηρΐα bacteria = bar ) ( sporadically Campylobacter ) is a genus corkscrew- shaped ( spirilla ) bacteria. They are gram- negative, microaerophilic and polar flagella. The genus name was created in 1963 by Sebald and Veron. Previously, members of the genus have been referred to as " microaerophilic vibrios " and made to the family Vibrionaceae.
The genome of the following ways is completely sequenced: Campylobacter concisus, C. curvus, C. fetus, C. hominis and C. jejuni
Features
The cell size is 0.5-5 microns in the range of 0.2-0.8 ×. They are either flagella each having a single flagellum unipolar at one end or at both ends of the bipolar cell. The cells can change to kokkenförmig over the culture of corkscrew- shaped. Most species of Campylobacter have catalase and oxidase positive, catalase -negative to include, for example, C. sputorum, C. concisus, C. and C. mucosalis helveticus. The medically important C. fetus subsp. fetus, C. coli, C. jejun subsp. jejuni are catalase -positive.
Metabolism
The species of the genus Campylobacter are chemoorganotroph, specifically nitrate - breathers. This means they have an oxidative energy metabolism and use nitrate as an oxidant, oxygen used instead of the " normal" aerobic respiration (O2). Electron donors are amino acids and intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which are oxidized by nitrate. Carbohydrates are not used.
Pathogenicity
Many species are pathogenic for humans, others are harmless and natural roommate of humans and various animals.
The pathogenic bacteria of the Campylobacter group belong to the group of zoonotic pathogens that are transmitted from animals to humans and where they can lead to disease. You are also often on raw poultry meat. In animals such as pork or beef, the disease often goes undetected because they usually show no symptoms of disease.
The pathogens C. jejuni and C. coli can cause an inflammatory diarrhea ( Campylobacter enteritis ) in humans. C. jejuni is one of the salmonella among the most common bacterial diarrheal pathogens. Are C. lari, C. fetus and C. upsaliensis For humans less important diarrheal pathogens. Very rarely occurs also C. helveticus as a pathogen. Some species such as C. curvus, C. and C. gracilis showae may be involved in periodontal disease.
C. fetus (synonym: Vibrio fetus ) causes besides the diarrhea in humans also has a enzootic Campylobacter abortion in cattle and sheep. C. hyointestinalis and C. mucosalis cause of necrotizing enterocolitis are in pigs.