Cassia fistula
Tube cassia ( Cassia fistula )
The tube cassia ( Cassia fistula ), also Purgier Senna, Fisett Senna or Indian laburnum called, is a species of the genus Kassien ( Cassia ). It is used in many ways.
- 7.1 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The Röhrenkassie grows as a tree and reaches stature heights of 6 to 15, rarely up to 20 meters. The bark of young trees is smooth and ash-colored, while the old trees is rough and dark brown.
The alternate arranged on the branches of deciduous leaves have a length of 22.5 cm to 40 cm; they are divided into petiole and leaf blade pinnate pairs. The bald, stalk round rachis has a length of 12 to 25 cm; her three to eight pairs line up leaflets. The leathery leaflets are long, usually with a length of 6 to 10 ( to 20) cm and a width of 4 to 8 cm broadly ovate or ovate - oblong. The leaflets are initially fluffy hairy on both sides, later they are bald with a glossy top. The early falling stipules are delta -shaped and 1-2 mm long.
Inflorescences and flowers
The flowering period extends from April to June. In pendent, drooping, usually 20-40 (rarely to 60) cm long, racemose inflorescences are loosely arranged in many flowers. The inflorescence stem has a length of 2 to 10 cm. The hairy bracts are ovate with a length of 8 to 10 mm. The almost 3 to 6 cm long, slender pedicel is slightly hairy to glabrous.
The relatively large, fragrant, hermaphrodite, zygomorphic, five petals have a diameter of 3.5 to 4 cm on a double perianth ( perianth ). The base of the flower ( receptaculum ) is cup-shaped. The five green, hairy, only brief fused sepals turn back after flowering in the direction of peduncle and are narrowly egg-shaped with a length of 9 to 15 mm. The five free, almost identical, golden-yellow petals are blunt with a length of 2.5 to 3.5 cm, broadly obovate, keeled briefly and clearly veined. Of the ten stamens, the three longest, the petals outstanding, most are rolled with 3 to 4 cm long stamens and large, about 5 mm long, oblong anthers, the four medium-sized are pretty straight with 6 to 10 mm long stamens and the three fairly short are also upright and with tiny sterile anthers. The single ovary is slender and slightly pressed, striegelig hairy. The small, powerful style ends in a point-shaped scar.
Fruit and seeds
The hanging, with a length of 30 to 60 cm and a diameter of 1.5 to 2.5 cm rod-shaped, sometimes referred to as a sausage -shaped, bald legume is at maturity glossy black - brown and transversely divided by papery septa (links sleeve ), each with a seed in each of the 40 to 100 subjects; it does not open at maturity at the ventral suture ( achene ). It is filled with a sweet -tasting pulp ( fruit pulp, pulp ). The flattened, elliptical seeds are shiny brown.
Chromosome number and the ingredients
The chromosome number is 2n = 28
Among many other ingredients particularly polyphenols, Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins, flavonoids are important.
Dissemination
The original homeland of the tubes Senna is on the Indian subcontinent, from western Pakistan, Swat and Hazara eastwards to India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. It grows at altitudes of about 1200 meters mainly in seasonal greenery forests. Today it is cultivated throughout the tropics as an ornamental and useful plant.
Use
The Indian laburnum is used as ornamental tree in parks, gardens and avenues.
The bark / bark of the cassia tube contains tannins and therefore is used for tanning and the red dye for coloring. The wood ash is used for pickling.
The very hard and durable wood used for example for the manufacture of agricultural implements, bridges and columns.
The pulp of the fruit is used in Bengal for flavoring tobacco.
The pulp comprises 60 to 70 percent sugar, some tannic acid and dye. The fruits are sold in a dried state worldwide. The fruit bowl is woody and relatively hard. If you break the shell on, you will find the fruit pulp (pulp ) as black, not unlike licorice, washers (see picture ). These discs separate the seed compartments from each other. The " Musscheiben " have a fine floral aroma are suitable for human consumption and very sweet due to the high sugar content. The fruits of Cassia tubes were formerly often called manna.
Furthermore, the pulp and the seeds are to act as a very mild laxative. Attention, the seeds should be toxic. From many parts of plants medicinal effects are reported.
Icon
In Thailand, Cassia fistula ' national flower and part of the coat of arms of many provinces; it is called there " Doc Khuen " or " Rajah Phuek " ( ราช พฤกษ ). She is also the state flower of the Indian state of Kerala and is known there as " Kanikkonna ".
System
The species name Cassia fistula was first published in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, pp. 377-378. There are many synonyms for Cassia fistula L.: Bactyrilobium Willd fistula, Cassia bonplandiana DC, Cassia excelsa Kunth, Cassia fistuloides Collad, Cassia rhombifolia Roxb, Cathartocarpus excelsus G.Don, Cathartocarpus fistula pers, Cathartocarpus fistuloides ( Collad. .. .. . ) G.Don, Cathartocarpus rhombifolius G.Don.
Pictures
Inflorescences.
Inflorescences.
Flowers.
Bark.
Feathery leaves and unripe fruit.
Immature fruit.
Dried fruit.
Fruit in sales.
Swell
- Dezhao Chen, Prof. Zhang Dianxiang & Kai Larsen: Cassieae in the Flora of China, Volume 10, 2010, page 28: Cassia fistula - Online. (Section Description and Use )
- SI Ali: Caesalpiniaceae in the Flora of Pakistan: Cassia fistula - Online. (Section Description, use and dissemination )