Catocalinae

Red ribbon ( Catocalina nupta )

The Catocalinae are a subfamily of cutworms ( Noctuidae ). Worldwide there are over 10,000 known species. In Europe there are only about 96 species in Central Europe about 30 species. There usually are relatively large, mostly nocturnal moth with usually very brightly colored hind wings and forewings usually inconspicuous.

Features

The species of this subfamily are usually relatively large. The European species are in the order of 22-98 mm wingspan. The hind wings are often colored prominent, while the forewing mostly unimpressive black, dyed gray or brown. However, there are some exceptions (eg Ophiusa tirhaca with striking yellow forewings ). Goater et al. (2003) lists three autapomorphies that constitute this group as monophyletic.

Hind wings with a terminal black spot and fringes between the M3 and Cu1 veins of the wings
In the female genital apparatus, the posterior apophyses are rod-shaped or basal only slightly wider; without the usual flat diamond-shaped Basalstruktur near the ovipositor

In addition there are some features, however, are not present in all groups:

The wings are held flat in the rest position
Colored and / or patterned hindwings
A quadrifide veins of the hind wings
A scale- free field directly above the proboscis
And five further features in the male and female genitalia

Geographical distribution and habitat

The subfamily Catocalinae is distributed worldwide; the focus of dissemination lies in the tropics and subtropics. Some species migrate over long distances, and therefore sub-tropical species in Europe can sometimes be encountered. According to the large geographical distribution and the huge number of species to colonize a wide range of habitats, ranging from arid deserts and semi- deserts to the tropical rainforest.

Way of life

According to the large geographical reach some species produce only one generation per year, other species have several generations. The moths are mostly nocturnal. However, there are some species that are also active during the day, such as the Brown Tageule ( Euclidia glyphica ) and the check - Tageule ( Calli webs mi). The moths take on food and therefore can be baited. They usually come also to artificial light sources. Even when the caterpillar food plants, there are corresponding to the large geographical distribution, the diverse habitats and the large number of species a very wide range. This is not true for the individual species that are sometimes even monophagous.

System

The subfamily Catocalinae originally included all " quadrifinen " Noctuiden. However, this feature is original and can not be used to define the group. Only Goater, Ronkay and Fibiger succeeded in 2003 to find three features which are to be regarded as apomorphic and therefore can be used to demonstrate the monophyly. However, in this version had to be excluded some groups. The former often asked here Calpinae be regarded as an independent subfamily. The following list of genera and species occurring in Europe is Goater et al. (2003 ) is removed. Added are a few non-European species.

Tribus Acantholipini Fibiger & Lafontaine, 2005 Genus Acantholipes Lederer, 1857 Acantholipes regularis ( Hübner, 1813)

Genus Arytrura John, 1912 Arytrura musculus ( Ménétries, 1859)

Genus Catocala cabinet, 1802 Catocala adultera Ménétries, 1856
Catocala brandti Hacker & Kautt, 1999
Catocala conjuncta ( Esper, 1787)
Catocala conversa ( Esper, 1783)
Catocala deducta Eversmann, 1843
Catocala detrita Warren, 1913
Catocala dilecta ( Hübner, 1808)
Catocala disjuncta ( Geyer, 1828)
Catocala diversa ( Geyer, 1828)
Weidenkarmin ( Catocala electa ( Vieweg, 1790) )
Pappelkarmin ( Catocala elocata ) ( Esper, 1787)
Catocala eutychea Treitschke, 1835
Blue Underwing (Catocala fraxini ( Linnaeus, 1758) )
Yellow Underwing (Catocala fulminea ( Scopoli, 1763) )
Catocala hymenaea ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775)
Catocala lupina Herrich -Schäffer, 1851
Catocala mariana Rambur, 1858
Catocala neonympha ( Esper, 1805)
Red Underwing (Catocala nupta ( Linnaeus, 1767) )
Catocala Nymphaea ( Esper, 1787)
Catocala nymphagoga ( Esper, 1787)
Catocala oberthueri Austaut, 1879
Catocala optata ( Godart, 1825)
Catocala orientalis Staudinger, 1877
Bruchweidenkarmin ( Catocala pacta ( Linnaeus, 1758) )
Small Eichenkarmin ( Catocala promissa ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775) )
Catocala puerpera ( Giorna, 1791)
Catocala separata Freyer, 1848
Large Eichenkarmin ( Catocala sponsa ( Linnaeus, 1767) )

Genus Euclidia Ochsenheimer, 1816 ( with the subgenera E. ( Euclidia ), E. Calli lands) Huebner, 1823 E. Gonospileia ) Hübner, 1823) Euclidia fortalicium ( exchangers, 1809)
Brown Tageule ( Euclidia glyphica ( Linnaeus, 1758) )
Check Tageule ( Euclidia mi ( Clerck, 1759)
Euclidia munita ( Hübner, 1813)
Euclidia triquetra ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775)

Genus Drasteria Hübner, 1818 Drasteria flexuosa ( Ménétries, 1848)
Drasteria tenera (Staudinger, 1877)
Drasteria caucasica ( Kolenati, 1846)
Drasteria picta (Christoph, 1877)
Drasteria cailino ( Lefebvre, 1827)
Drasteria saisani (Staudinger, 1882)
Drasteria sesquistria ( Eversmann, 1854)
Drasteria rada ( Boisduval, 1848)

Genus Achaea Hübner, 1823 Achaea catocaloides Guenée, 1852, West Africa

White ribbon ( Catephia Alchymista ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775)

Cerocala algiriae Oberthuer, 1876
Cerocala scapulosa ( Hübner, 1808)

Clytie delunaris (Staudinger, 1889)
Clytie syriaca ( Bugnion, 1837)
Clytie illunaris ( Hübner, 1813)
Clytie gracilis ( Bang -Haas, 1907)

Dysgonia rogenhoferi ( Bohatsch, 1880)
Dysgonia torrida Guenée, 1852
Dysgonia algira ( Linnaeus, 1767)

Gram Modes bifasciata ( Petagna, 1787)
Gram Modes stolida (Fabricius, 1775)

Heteropalpia acrosticta ( Püngeler, 1904)

Brown ribbon ( Minucia lunaris ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775) )

Ophiusa tirhaca ( Cramer, 1773)

Pandesma robusta (Walker, 1858)

Pericyma albidentaria ( Freyer, 1842)

Zethes insularis Rambur, 1833

Genus Anumeta Walker, 1858 Anumeta atrosignata Walker, 1858
Anumeta spilota ( Ershov, 1874)
Anumeta Henkei (Staudinger, 1877)
Anumeta fractistrigata ( Alphéraky, 1882)
Anumeta Cesti ( Ménétries, 1848)

Apopestes spectrum ( Esper, 1787)

Autophila hirsuta (Staudinger, 1870)
Autophila libanotica (Staudinger, 1901)
Autophila limbata (Staudinger, 1871) ( with two subspecies )
Autophila dilucida ( Hübner, 1808)
Autophila asiatica (Staudinger, 1888)
Autophila rosea (Staudinger, 1888)
Cheirophanes cataphanes ( Hübner, 1813) ( with two subspecies )
Cheirophanes anaphanes Boursin, 1940 ( with two subspecies )
Cheirophanes chamaephanes Boursin, 1940
Cheirophanes ligaminosa ( Eversmann, 1851)
Cheirophanes maura (Staudinger, 1888)

Chrysorithrum flavomaculata ( Bremer, 1861)

Exophyla rectangularis ( Geyer, 1828)

Lygephila lusoria ( Linnaeus, 1758)
Lygephila lubrica ( Freyer, 1846)
Lygephila Ludicra ( Hübner, 1790)
Lygephila lycyrrhizae (Staudinger, 1871)
Lygephila fonti Yela & Calle, 1990
Nierenfleck - Wickeneule ( Lygephila pastinum ( Treitschke, 1826) )
Marbled Wickeneule ( Lygephila viciae ( Hübner, 1822) )
Edge stain - Wickeneule ( Lygephila craccae ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775) )
Lygephila procax ( Hübner, 1813)

Tathorhynchus exsiccata ( Lederer, 1855)

Swell

Glossata Noctuoidea Autapomorphy Burnet Companion Moth Catocala coniuncta Grammodes stolida

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