Chenopodium berlandieri
Berlandiers goosefoot ( Chenopodium berlandieri )
Berlandiers goosefoot ( Chenopodium berlandieri ), also called Berlandier - goosefoot, is a flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ). He comes from North America and occasionally occurs also in Central Europe.
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Berlandiers goosefoot is an annual herbaceous plant which grows to a height of 10 to 150 cm. The upright stems rising up is more or less branched and floured strong.
The alternate, floured leaves have a 0.2 cm to 9 cm long petiole. The leaf blade is at a length of 1.2 to 12 ( to 15) cm and a width of 0.5 to 7.5 (up to 9) cm wide, ovate to rhombic or indistinctly three-lobed to lanceolate. The middle lobe narrowed gradually, the side lobes are located slightly below the Spreitenmitte. The Spreitengrund is wedge-shaped or trimmed. The leaf margin may be sawed, serrated irregular or entire.
Inflorescence and flower
The branched - aged men, contract leafless inflorescences 5-17 cm in length consist of irregularly rounded flower balls with a diameter of 4 to 7 mm. The hermaphrodite flowers have a perianth of five separate almost to the base of the tepals. The Tepalenzipfel with a length up to 1.5 mm and a width up to 1.3 mm are ovate to obtuse triangular, mealy and often keeled above on the back. The flowers have five stamens and an ovary with two scars.
The flowering period extends from June to September, the pollination is usually done by the wind.
Fruit and seeds
The flattened ovoid fruit has a fitting ( the pen partially applied ), wabig - wrinkled pericarp. The seed with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm round with rounded edges, its brown to black seed coat is covered with deep, honeycomb-like pits.
Chromosome number
The chromosome number is 2n = 36, the species is therefore tetraploid.
Ecology
Berlandiers goosefoot is a food plant for the caterpillars of the large head moth Pholisora catullus.
Occurrence
The home of Berlandiers goosefoot is North America, where it is widespread. While the typical variety, var berlandieri to the depths of Texas and Mexico is limited, flourish the other varieties, especially var zschackei north to Canada and Alaska, and up to an altitude of 2200 meters.
Introduced comes Berlandiers goosefoot in the variety var zschackei in Europe occasionally as Adventivpflanze ago. In Germany he is regarded as naturalized neophyte, who was first found here in 1890. It grows unstable in ruderal ( Chenopodietea companies) of debris, harbor facilities or goods train stations, on nutrient-rich, moderately dry, often raw soils. From the plane it can thrive until the Alpine foothills stage.
System
The first publication of Chenopodium berlandieri was made in 1840 by Christian Horace Alfred Moquin - Tandon Bénédict 23 in Chenopodearum Monographica Enumeratio, S.
Synonyms of Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. are Botrys berlandieri ( Moq. ) Nieuwl. , Chenopodium album var berlandieri ( Moq. ) Mack. & Bush., Chenopodium boscianum Moq. , Chenopodium bushianum Aellen, Chenopodium macrocalycium Aellen, Chenopodium petiolare Kunth var sinuatum Murr Murr and Chenopodium zschackei. Another synonym is valid Chenopodium texanum Murr.
In the Flora of North America six varieties can be distinguished:
- Chenopodium berlandieri var berlandieri
- Chenopodium berlandieri var boscianum ( Moq. ) choice
- Chenopodium berlandieri var bushianum ( Aellen ) Cronquist
- Chenopodium berlandieri var macrocalycium ( Aellen ) Cronquist
- Chenopodium berlandieri var sinuatum ( Murr ) choice
- Chenopodium berlandieri var zschackei ( Murr ) Murr ex Graebner
Some authors also used as a pseudo cereal " Huauzontle " ( Chenopodium nuttalliae ( Saff. ) HDWilson & Heiser berlandieri subsp. ) Was considered a subspecies of this kind. According to recent works of this but asked to Chenopodium quinoa ( quinoa).
Use
The leaves and young shoots of Berlandiers goosefoot can be prepared raw or cooked like spinach. Raw leaves should be consumed but only in small quantities because of their content of saponins. The seeds can be ground to serve as a flour additive. It is recommended to soak them overnight and then thoroughly rinsed to remove the saponins.
The whole plant can be used as Dye plant for gold -green hues.